Overview of the events of 1964 in science
The year 1964 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration [ edit ] January 30 – The Soviet Union launches the first Elektron satellites. Spring – First recognition of cosmic microwave background radiation as a detectable phenomenon.[ 1] The discovery and confirmation of the Cosmic microwave background in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the universe. March 20 – The precursor of the European Space Agency , ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established (under an agreement of June 14, 1962). July 31 – Ranger program : Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the Moon ; images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-bound telescopes . October 12 – The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits (the crew wouldn't fit in the space capsule otherwise). History of science and technology [ edit ] Physiology and medicine [ edit ] February 5 – Matilde E. Moisant (born 1878 ), American pioneer aviator . February 20 – Verena Holmes (born 1889 ), English mechanical engineer and inventor. April 14 – Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanaseva (born 1876 ), Russian-born Dutch mathematician. April 24 – Gerhard Domagk (born 1895 ), German pathologist and bacteriologist , winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . May 30 – Leó Szilárd (born 1898 ), Hungarian-American physicist. June 7 – Arthur O. Austin (born 1879 ), American electrical engineer. October – Guy Stewart Callendar (born 1898 ), English thermodynamic engineer and climatologist. December 1 – J. B. S. Haldane (born 1892 ), British geneticist . December 17 – Victor Franz Hess (born 1883 ), American physicist . December 30 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (born 1885 ), German neuropathologist . ^ In a brief paper by Soviet astrophysicists A. G. Doroshkevich and Igor Novikov . Penzias, A. A. (2006). "The origin of elements" (PDF) . Nobel lecture . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2006-10-04 . ^ "Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900" . U.S. Geological Survey . 2012-07-18. Archived from the original on 2010-11-07. Retrieved 2012-09-05 . ^ "Mission & History" . National Museum of American History. March 2012. Retrieved 2018-02-14 . ^ Crilly, T. (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know . Quercus. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8 . ^ Tits, J. (1964). "Algebraic and abstract simple groups". Annals of Mathematics . Second Series. 80 (2): 313–329. doi :10.2307/1970394 . JSTOR 1970394 . MR 0164968 . ^ Ostrom, J. H. (1969). "Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus , an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana" . Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin . 30 : 1–165. ^ Englert, F.; Brout, R. (1964). "Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons" . Physical Review Letters . 13 (9): 321–323. Bibcode :1964PhRvL..13..321E . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321 . ^ Brout, R.; Englert, F. (1998). "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Gauge Theories: A Historical Survey". arXiv :hep-th/9802142 . ^ Higgs, P. W. (1964). "Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons" . Physical Review Letters . 13 (16): 508–509. Bibcode :1964PhRvL..13..508H . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.508 . ^ Guralnik, G. S.; Hagen, C. R.; Kibble, T. W. B. (1964). "Global Conservation Laws and Massless Particles" . Physical Review Letters . 13 (20): 585–587. Bibcode :1964PhRvL..13..585G . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585 . ^ Guralnik, G. S. (2009). "The History of the Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble development of the Theory of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Gauge Particles". International Journal of Modern Physics A . 24 (14): 2601–2627. arXiv :0907.3466 . Bibcode :2009IJMPA..24.2601G . doi :10.1142/S0217751X09045431 . S2CID 16298371 . ^ Kibble, T. W. B. (2009). "Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble mechanism" . Scholarpedia . 4 (1): 6441. Bibcode :2009SchpJ...4.6441K . doi :10.4249/scholarpedia.6441 . ^ Physical Review Letters 50th Anniversary Milestone Papers . ^ Bjørken, B. J.; Glashow, S. L. (1964). "Elementary particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters . 11 (3): 255–257. Bibcode :1964PhL....11..255B . doi :10.1016/0031-9163(64)90433-0 . ^ Bell, John S. (1964). "On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox" . Physics Physique Физика . 1 (3): 195–200. doi :10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 . ^ Dotter, C. T.; Judkins, M. P. (1964). "Transluminal Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstruction: Description of a New Technic and a Preliminary Report of Its Application" . Circulation . 30 (5): 654–670. doi :10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 . PMID 14226164 . ^ Rösch, J.; Keller, F. S.; Kaufman, J. A. (2003). "The Birth, Early Years, and Future of Interventional Radiology". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology . 14 (7): 841–853. doi :10.1097/01.RVI.0000083840.97061.5b . PMID 12847192 . ^ Epstein, M. A.; Achong, B. G.; Barr, Y. M. (1964-03-28). "Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma". The Lancet . 1 (7335): 702–703. doi :10.1016/S0140-6736(64)91524-7 . PMID 14107961 . ^ Foster, G. V.; Baghdiantz, A.; Kumar, M. A.; Slack, E.; Soliman, H. A.; MacIntyre, I. (1964). "Thyroid origin of Calcitonin" . Nature . 202 (4939): 1303–1305. Bibcode :1964Natur.202.1303F . doi :10.1038/2021303a0 . PMID 14210962 . S2CID 2443410 . ^ Martins, F. A. (30 June 2009). "O Endoscópio" . Fernando Alves Martins' Blog (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2012-02-07 . ^ Moog, R. A. (1965). "Voltage-Controlled Electronic Music Modules". Journal of the Audio Engineering Society . 13 (3): 200–206. ^ Yale University Press . ^ "See ECN Expert" . South East European University . Archived from the original on 18 October 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2014 . ^ "Jennifer Doudna | American biochemist" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 7 October 2020 .