French
Deutsch2019 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2019.
Flora[edit]
Plants[edit]
Fungi[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pound et al. | A fungus, a species of Chaetosphaeria. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Khan, Bera & Bera | Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene | A fungus belonging to the family Meliolaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bera, Khan & Bera | Pliocene | A fungus belonging to the family Meliolaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Vega | Burdigalian | A fungus, a species of Ophiocordyceps. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Loron et al. | Mesoproterozoic – Neoproterozoic transition | A process-bearing multicellular eukaryotic microorganism. Argued to be an early fungus by Loron et al. (2019).[7] Genus includes new species O. giraldae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ordovician (Darriwilian) |  | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Vishnu, Khan & Bera in Vishnu et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Vishnu, Khan & Bera in Vishnu et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Vega | Priabonian | A fungus belonging to the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Vega | A kickxellomycotine trichomycete in the new order Priscadvenales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Retallack | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lenoir Formation |  | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pound et al. | A fungus belonging to the group Ascomycota. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pound et al. | A fungus belonging to the group Ascomycota. |
Paleomycological research[edit]
- Fossil sporocarps indistinguishable from sporocarps of members of the extant genus Stemonitis are described from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar by Rikkinen, Grimaldi & Schmidt (2019).[11]
- A study on the impact of major historical events such as the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on the evolution of two major subclasses of lichen-forming fungi (Lecanoromycetidae and Ostropomycetidae) is published by Huang et al. (2019).[12]
- Description of crustose lichens from European Paleogene amber is published by Kaasalainen et al. (2019).[13]
- Fungi belonging to the genera Periconia, Penicillium and Scopulariopsis, representing the first and the oldest known fossil record of these taxa, are described from the Eocene Baltic amber by Tischer et al. (2019).[14]
Sponges[edit]
Research[edit]
- Sponge spicules and spicule-like structures that probably represent sponge fossils are described from four sections of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval in the Yangtze Gorges (China) by Chang et al. (2019).[15]
- A study evaluating how distribution patterns of non-lithistid spiculate sponges changed during the Cambrian explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event is published by Botting & Muir (2019).[16]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sánchez-Beristain, García-Barrera & Moreno-Bedmar | Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian to early Barremian) | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Carrera & Sumrall | A member of the family Streptosolenidae. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A member of Protomonaxonida belonging to the family Piraniidae. The type species is "Pirania" auraeum Botting (2007); genus also includes new species A. pinwyddeni, A. pykitia and A. sciurucauda. | |||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A member of Protomonaxonida belonging to the family Piraniidae. The type species is C. canna; genus also includes new species C. vermiformis', as well as "Pirania" llanfawrensis Botting (2004). | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Nadhira et al. | A sponge, possibly a calcareous sponge. The type species is C. pedicula. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Świerczewska-Gładysz, Jurkowska & Niedźwiedzki | Late Cretaceous (late Turonian) | Opole Basin | A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the family Callodictyonidae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Świerczewska-Gładysz, Jurkowska & Niedźwiedzki | Late Cretaceous (late Turonian and early Coniacian) | Opole Basin | A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the family Rossellidae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Jeon et al. | Ordovician (Floian to Darriwilian) | A member of Stromatoporoidea. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A hexactinellid sponge. Genus includes new species E. carlinslowpensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | A sponge. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | A leptomitid sponge. Genus includes new species J. obconica. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | McSweeney, Buckeridge & Kelly | Early Miocene | Batesford Limestone | A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Minchinellidae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Świerczewska-Gładysz, Jurkowska & Niedźwiedzki | Late Cretaceous (late Turonian) | Opole Basin | A demosponge belonging to the family Pachastrellidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Latest Ordovician | A rossellid hexactinellid sponge. Genus includes new species P. sinensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A member of Protomonaxonida belonging to the family Piraniidae. The type species is P. gloria. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A member of Protomonaxonida belonging to the family Piraniidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A member of Protomonaxonida belonging to the family Piraniidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A sponge belonging to the group Protomonaxonida and to the family Leptomitidae. Genus includes new species P. advenus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Carrera & Sumrall | A member of the family Anthaspidellidae. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Bizzarini | A sponge; a new genus for "Stellispongia" subsphaerica Dieci, Antonacci & Zardini (1970). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Mouro et al. | Mecca Quarry Shale | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tang & Xiao in Tang et al. | A sponge of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is V. sinensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Luo, Zhao & Zeng | A vauxiid sponge. |
Cnidarians[edit]
Research[edit]
- A study on the growth characteristics of three species of Ordovician corals belonging to the genus Agetolites from the Xiazhen Formation (China), and on their implications for inferring phylogenetic relationships of this genus, is published by Sun, Elias & Lee (2019).[33]
- A study on a large colonial rugose coral from the Ordovician Kope Formation (Kentucky, United States) is published by Harris et al. (2019).[34]
- A study on the morphology, growth characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the Silurian tabulate coral Halysites catenularius is published by Liang, Elias & Lee (2019).[35]
- Fossils of tabulate corals without septa, representing the first evidence that unmetamorphosed, slightly indurated Paleozoic sandstones crop out amidst the deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province of the United States, are reported from South Carolina by Landmeyer et al. (2019).[36] This finding is strongly disputed because all other rocks of Paleozoic age in the study area are greatly metamorphosed, the rocks where the fossils were found are traditionally mapped as the Cretaceous Middendorf Formation, and it is suggested that the fossils in question are the bark of Cretaceous conifers in Cretaceous sandstone, instead of Paleozoic corals in Paleozoic sandstone.[37]
- A study aiming to determine whether ecological selection based on physiology, behavior, habitat, etc. played a role in the long-term survival of corals during the late Paleocene and early Eocene is published by Weiss & Martindale (2019).[38]
- Fossils of Acropora prolifera dating back to the Pleistocene are reported by Precht et al. (2019).[39]
- A study on the distribution of reef corals during the last interglacial is published by Jones et al. (2019), who also evaluate the utility of fossil reef coral data for predictions of impact of future climate changes on reef corals.[40]
- A study on a problematic fossil specimen from the Devonian Ponta Grossa Formation (Brazil), assigned by different authors to the species Serpulites sica or Euzebiola clarkei, is published by Van Iten et al. (2019), who interpret this fossil as a medusozoan capable of clonal budding, and transfer it to the genus Sphenothallus.[41]
- The oldest mesophotic coral ecosystems, dating back to middle Silurian, from the Lower Visby Beds on Gotland have been described by Zapalski & Berkowski.[42] These communities, dominated by platy corals give also clues about the onset of coral-algal symbiosis.
- Mihaljević (2019) describes new fossil coral collections from the Oligocene and Miocene of Sarawak (Malaysia), Negros Island and Cebu (the Philippines).[43]
- A study on the anatomy, ontogeny and taxonomy of the Norian hydrozoan Heterastridium, based on data from fossil specimens from central Iran and south Turkey, is published by Senowbari-Daryan & Link (2019).[44]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kora, Herbig & El Desouky | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Bowden Formation | A coral belonging to the subfamily Mussinae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko, Ibaraki & Tazawa | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kora, Herbig & El Desouky | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kora, Herbig & El Desouky | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Liao & Liang | A rugose coral. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Liao & Liang | Devonian (Givetian) | Wenglai Formation | A rugose coral. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Coen-Aubert | Mont d'Haurs Formation | A rugose coral belonging to the family Cystiphyllidae. Originally described as a species of Cystiphylloides, but subsequently made the type species of the separate genus Marennophyllum.[51] | ||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Pedder |
| A coral. The type species is D. latisubex; genus also includes new species D. pedderi,[53] "Combophyllum" multiradiatum Meek (1868), "Glossophyllum" discoideum Soshkina (1936) and possibly also "Hadrophyllum" wellingtonense Packham (1954) and "Glossophyllum" clebroseptatum Kravtsov (1975). | ||||
| Gen. et 6 sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski & Ohar | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kumpanophyllidae. The type species is D. multiplexa; genus also includes D. similis, D. recessia, D. composita, D. extrema and D. nana. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | A rugose coral. Genus includes new species G. crassiseptatum. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski, Bamber & Richards | A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Boivin, Vasseur & Lathuilière in Boivin et al. | An anthozoan, possibly a member of Hexanthiniaria. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Late Miocene–early Pleistocene | Cercado Formation | A species of Isophyllia. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Late Miocene–early Pleistocene | Cercado Formation | A species of Isophyllia. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kumpanophyllidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kumpanophyllidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kumpanophyllidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kumpanophyllidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorowski, Bamber & Richards | A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Lithostrotionidae. | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Vasseur et al. | A stony coral belonging to the group Caryophylliina and the superfamily Volzeioidea; a replacement name for Mesophyllum Beauvais (1986). | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guo et al. | An olivooid medusozoan. Genus includes new species O. elongatus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Quiroz-Barroso, Sour-Tovar & Quiroz-Barragán | Las Delicias Formation | A member of Conulariida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Quiroz-Barroso, Sour-Tovar & Quiroz-Barragán | Las Delicias Formation | A member of Conulariida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A member of the family Stylasteridae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Plusquellec | A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Micheliniidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Late Pliocene | A species of Scolymia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Late Pliocene | A species of Scolymia. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guo et al. | A hexangulaconulariid. Genus includes new species S. yanjiaheensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko & Fujikawa | Zomeki Limestone | A tabulate coral. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Löser | A stony coral belonging to the group Astrocoeniina. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A species of Stylaster. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A species of Stylaster. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cairns | A species of Stylaster. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Coen-Aubert | Mont d'Haurs Formation | A rugose coral belonging to the family Phillipsastreidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko | Middle Devonian | A tabulate coral belonging to the order Favositida and the family Pachyporidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Budd & Klaus in Budd et al. | Cercado Formation | A relative of the open brain coral. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. |
Arthropods[edit]
Bryozoans[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Badve | Quilon Beds | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | López-Gappa & Pérez | Chenque Formation | A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Chaperiidae. Genus includes new species A. spinettai. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rosso & Sciuto | Early Pleistocene (Gelasian) | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha et al. | A putative cerioporine cyclostome. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor in Di Martino et al. | A species of Characodoma. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cheilostomata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cheilostomata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cheilostomata. | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Hernández | Devonian | A rhabdomesid bryozoan; a replacement name for Salairella Mesentseva (2015). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Yancey et al. | North America | A member of Cystoporata. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pedramara et al. | Qom Formation | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst, Brett & Wilson | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cyclostomatida. | |||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cheilostomata. Genus includes new species I. ikaanakiteeh and I. chiass. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor in Di Martino et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst, Brett & Wilson | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova & Pakhnevich | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cyclostomatida. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A species of Micropora. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A member of Ascophora belonging to the family Microporellidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A member of Ascophora belonging to the family Microporellidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst, Brett & Wilson | A rhabdomesine cryptostome bryozoan. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cyclostomatida. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Carrera et al. | Cerro El Árbol Formation | A member of Cryptostomata belonging to the group Rhabdomesina and to the family Nikiforovellidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A member of Ascophora belonging to the family Celleporidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | Early Miocene | Forest Hill Limestone | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | Early Miocene | Forest Hill Limestone | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich | Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) | A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the superfamily Lepralielloidea. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Swami et al. | A member of Cryptostomata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cyclostomatida. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Cheilostomata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martha, Taylor & Rader | A member of Ctenostomatida. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Badve | Quilon Beds | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A member of Ascophora belonging to the family Cribrilinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor in Di Martino et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Badve | Quilon Beds | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Koromyslova, Pakhnevich & Fedorov | A cheilostome bryozoan. Genus includes new species T. levinae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino, Taylor & Portell | A member of Ascophora belonging to the family Trypostegidae. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich | Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) | A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the superfamily Lepralielloidea. The type species is "Porina" anplievae Favorskaya (1992). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Badve | Quilon Beds |
Brachiopods[edit]
Molluscs[edit]
Echinoderms[edit]
Research[edit]
- A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the putative stem-echinoderm Yanjiahella biscarpa is published by Topper et al. (2019);[84] the study is subsequently criticized by Zamora et al. (2020).[85][86]
- Soft tissue traces found in conjunction with skeletal molds are described in stylophorans by Lefebvre et al. (2019), who interpret their findings as supporting echinoderm and not hemichordate-like affinities of stylophorans.[87]
- A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the lepidocystoid echinoderm Vyscystis is published by Nohejlová et al. (2019).[88]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of diploporitan blastozoans is published by Sheffield & Sumrall (2019).[89]
- A study on the morphology of the feeding ambulacral system in the Ordovician diploporitan Eumorphocystis, as indicated by data from well-preserved specimens from the Bromide Formation (Oklahoma, United States), is published by Sheffield & Sumrall (2019), who interpret their findings as indicating that Eumorphocystis was closely related to crinoids and that crinoids are nested within blastozoans;[90] their conclusions about the relationship between Eumorphocystis and crinoids are subsequently contested by Guensburg et al. (2020).[91]
- A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Macurdablastus uniplicatus is published by Bauer, Waters & Sumrall (2019).[92]
- A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Hexedriocystis is published online by Zamora & Sumrall (2019), who consider this taxon to be a blastozoan.[93]
- A study on the paleoecology of the specimens of the edrioasteroid Neoisorophusella lanei preserved in limestone slabs from the Carboniferous (Chesterian) Kinkaid Formation (Illinois, United States) is published by Shroat-Lewis, Greenwood & Sumrall (2019).[94]
- A study on the morphology of Cupulocrinus and on its implications for inferring the origin of the flexible crinoids is published by Peter (2019).[95]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of diplobathrid crinoids is published by Cole (2019).[96]
- A study on the biological and ecological controls on duration of diplobathrid crinoid genera is published online by Cole (2019).[97]
- A study on the macro-evolutionary patterns of body-size trends of cyrtocrinid crinoids is published by Brom (2019).[98]
- A study on patterns of paleocommunity structure and niche partitioning in crinoids from the Ordovician (Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte (Ontario, Canada) is published by Cole, Wright & Ausich (2019).[99]
- A study on the anatomy of the nervous and circulatory systems of the Cretaceous crinoid Decameros ricordeanus and on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published online by Saulsbury & Zamora (2019).[100]
- A study on the substrate preference in stem group sea urchins during the Carboniferous Period will be published by Thompson & Bottjer (2019).[101]
- A study on Early Triassic recovery of sea urchins after the Permian–Triassic extinction event is published by Pietsch et al. (2019).[102]
- A fossil brittle star belonging to the genus Ophiopetra, representing the first record of articulated brittle star from the Mesozoic of South America reported so far, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Agua de la Mula Member of the Agrio Formation (Argentina) by Fernández et al. (2019), who transfer the genus Ophiopetra to the family Ophionereididae within the order Amphilepidida.[103]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Zamora | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Thompson & Mirantsev in Thompson et al. | A sea urchin. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Thuy, Gale & Numberger-Thuy | A brittle star belonging to the family Amphilimnidae. The type species is A. rammsteinensis. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guensburg et al. | A crinoid belonging to the group Disparida. The type species is A. broweri. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | McDermott & Paul | Late Ordovician | An aristocystitid diploporite. Genus includes new species B. dichotomus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Roux, Eléaume & Améziane | Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) and Paleocene (Danian) | A crinoid. The type species is "Apiocrinus" constrictus von Hagenow in Quenstedt (1876); genus also includes "Bourgueticrinus" baculatus Klikushin (1982) and "Bourgueticrinus" danicus Brünnich Nielsen (1913). | ||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is C. asymmetricus; genus also includes C. serratus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Blake & Nestell | A brittle star. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Roux, Eléaume & Améziane | A crinoid. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Zamora | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wright, Cole & Ausich | Brechin Lagerstätte | |||||
| Gen. et 4 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is D. dentatus; genus also includes D. minutus, D. compactus and D. hoyezi. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Buitrón-Sánchez et al. | Coatzintla formation | A sea urchin belonging to the family Echinolampadidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Zamora et al. | Late Ordovician | A rhombiferan blastozoan. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is not published yet. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Thompson et al. | Permian-Triassic boundary (latest Changhsingian–early Induan) | A sea urchin belonging to the group Cidaroida and to the family Miocidaridae. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Gale | Cretaceous (Albian and Cenomanian) | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is "Roveacrinus" euglypheus Peck (1943); genus also includes "R." pyramidalis Peck (1943). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Toom | A eucladid crinoid. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Gahn & Guensburg | A member of Asterozoa of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species F. anquiroisitus. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Reid et al. | Early Devonian | A brittle star belonging to the family Protasteridae. The type species is G. tempestatis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Donovan & Doyle | Clare Shale Formation | A crinoid. Genus includes new species Heloambocolumnus (col.) harperi. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (Turonian and Coniacan) | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Zamora et al. | Late Ordovician | A rhombiferan blastozoan. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is not published yet. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Thompson & Ewin | A sea urchin. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Tinn | ||||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Wright, Cole & Ausich | Brechin Lagerstätte | A crinoid belonging to the group Cladida. Genus includes new species K. brechinensis and K. josephi. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. Genus includes new species L. saintlaurenti. | ||||
| Gen. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Žítt et al. | Bohemian-Saxonian Cretaceous Basin |
| A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida. Genus includes new species L. canaliculatus, L. incisurus and L. ultimus.[105] | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mirantsev | A crinoid belonging to the family Poteriocrinidae. Genus includes new species M. domodedovoensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sadler, Holmes & Gallagher | A sand dollar. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sadler, Holmes & Gallagher | A sand dollar. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Müller & Hahn | Early Devonian | A member of Echinozoa belonging to the group Cyclocystoidea. The type species is M. eichelei. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Toom | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Roux, Eléaume & Améziane | A crinoid. The type species is "Eugeniacrinus" pyriformis Münster in Goldfuss (1826); genus also includes "Conocrinus" cazioti Valette (1924), "Conocrinus" handiaensis Roux (1978) and "Conocrinus" romanensis Roux & Plaziat (1978), as well as a new species P. pellati. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ewin et al. | A member of Echinozoa belonging to the group Cyclocystoidea. The type species is P. nathalieae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Zamora | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Forner | Margas del Forcall Formation | A sea urchin belonging to the family Toxasteridae. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Roux, Eléaume & Améziane | A crinoid. The type species is "Conocrinus" doncieuxi Roux (1978); genus also includes "Democrinus" maximus Brünnich Nielsen (1915) and "Conocrinus" tauricus Klikushin (1982). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ewin et al. | A member of Edrioasteroidea. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Toom | A eucladid crinoid. Genus includes new species R. isakarae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Thuy et al. | A brittle star. Genus includes new species S. brayardi. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wright, Cole & Ausich | Brechin Lagerstätte | A crinoid belonging to the group Cladida. Genus includes new species S. mahalaki. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rahman et al. | Coalbrookdale Formation | A member of Ophiocistioidea belonging to the family Sollasinidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Roveacrinidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Tinn | A disparid crinoid. Genus includes new species T. kalanaensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Cournoyer | Ordovician-Silurian boundary | A crinoid. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wen et al. | A member of Edrioasteroidea belonging to the family Totiglobidae. |
Conodonts[edit]
Research[edit]
- A study on the feeding habits of conodonts, as indicated by data from calcium stable isotopes, is published by Balter et al. (2019).[134]
- A study on the variation of conodont element crystal structure throughout their evolutionary history is published online by Medici et al. (2019).[135]
- A study on the evolution of platform-like P1 elements in conodonts, evaluating its possible link to ecology of conodonts, is published by Ginot & Goudemand (2019).[136]
- A study on the impact of early Paleozoic environmental changes on evolution and paleoecology of conodonts from the Canadian part of Laurentia is published online by Barnes (2019).[137]
- A study on the morphology, occurrences and biostratigraphical value of Paroistodus horridus is published online by Mestre & Heredia (2019).[138]
- A revision of the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the Late Ordovician genera Tasmanognathus and Yaoxianognathus is published by Yang et al. (2019).[139]
- A study on the composition and architecture of the apparatus of Erismodus quadridactylus is published by Dhanda et al. (2019).[140]
- A study on the ontogeny of the Lochkovian conodont species Ancyrodelloides carlsi is published by Corriga & Corradini (2019).[141]
- A study on fossils of members of the genus Alternognathus from the Upper Devonian of the Kowala quarry (central Poland), attempting to calibrate the course of their ontogeny in days and documenting cyclic mortality events, is published by Świś (2019).[142]
- The apparatus of Vogelgnathus simplicatus is reconstructed from discrete elements from a sample of limited diversity from the Carboniferous strata from Ireland by Sanz-López, Blanco-Ferrera & Miller (2019).[143]
- Neospathodid conodont elements with partly preserved basal body (one of two main parts of conodont elements, besides the crown) are reported from the Lower Triassic of Oman by Souquet & Goudemand (2019), who interpret their finding as indicating that the absence of basal bodies in post-Devonian conodonts was due to a preservational bias only.[144]
- Natural assemblages of conodonts, preserving possible impressions of "eyes", are described from the Lower Triassic pelagic black claystones of the North Kitakami Belt (Japan) by Takahashi, Yamakita & Suzuki (2019).[145]
- A study on the composition of the apparatus of Nicoraella, based on data from clusters from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota (Yunnan, China), is published by Huang et al. (2019).[146]
- The architecture of apparatus of Nicoraella kockeli is reconstructed by Huang et al. (2019), who also evaluate proposed functional interpretations of the conodont feeding apparatus.[147]
- A study on Middle Triassic conodont assemblages from Jenzig section of the Jena Formation and Troistedt section of the Meissner Formation (Germany) is published by Chen et al. (2019), who also study the morphology of the apparatuses of Neogondolella haslachensis and Nicoraella germanica, and review and revise the species Neogondolella mombergensis.[148]
- A study evaluating the quantitative morphological variation of P1 conodont elements within and between seven conodont morphospecies from the Pizzo Mondello section (Sicily, Italy) and their evolution within 7 million years around the Carnian/Norian boundary is published by Guenser et al. (2019).[149]
- A study on the taphonomy of basal tissue of conodont elements is published online by Suttner & Kido (2019).[150]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Lane et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Voldman & Toyos | Casaio Formation | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Savage | Late Devonian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Savage | Late Devonian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Jiang et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Plotitsyn & Gatovsky | ||||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Ovnatanova et al. | Sortomael' Formation | A replacement name Polygnathus mawsonae Ovnatanova et al. (2017). | ||||
| Subsp. nov | Valid | Savage | Late Devonian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Plotitsyn & Gatovsky | ||||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Zhen | Ordovician (Darriwilian and Sandbian) | Canning Basin | A new genus for "Phragmodus" polystrophos Watson, "Phragmodus" spicatus Watson and "Phragmodus" cognitus Stauffer. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Corradini et al. |
Fishes[edit]
Amphibians[edit]
Reptiles[edit]
Synapsids[edit]
Non-mammalian synapsids[edit]
Research[edit]
- A study on the morphological diversity and morphological changes of the humeri of Paleozoic and Triassic synapsids through time is published by Lungmus & Angielczyk (2019).[159]
- A study on the diversity of patterns of skull shape (focusing on the relative lengths of the face and braincase regions of the skull) in non-mammalian synapsids is published by Krone, Kammerer & Angielczyk (2019).[160]
- Two pathologically fused tail vertebrae of a varanopid, likely affected by a metabolic bone disease closely resembling Paget's disease of bone, are described from the early Permian Richards Spur locality (Oklahoma, United States) by Haridy et al. (2019).[161]
- Description of new skull remains of Echinerpeton intermedium and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published online by Mann & Paterson (2019).[162]
- Fossil material of a large carnivorous synapsid belonging to the family Sphenacodontidae is described from the Torre del Porticciolo locality (Italy) by Romano et al. (2019), representing the first carnivorous non-therapsid synapsid from the Permian of Italy reported so far, and one of the few known from Europe.[163]
- Description of the morphology and histology of a small neural spine from the Early Permian Richards Spur locality (Oklahoma, United States) attributable to Dimetrodon is published by Brink, MacDougall & Reisz (2019), who also report evidence from fossil teeth indicative of presence of a derived species of Dimetrodon (otherwise typical of later, Kungurian localities of Texas and Oklahoma) at the Richards Spur locality.[164]
- A study on the histology of the skull roof of burnetiamorph biarmosuchians is published by Kulik & Sidor (2019).[165]
- Femur of a specimen of the titanosuchid species Jonkeria parva affected by osteomyelitis is described from the Permian of Karoo Basin (South Africa) by Shelton, Chinsamy & Rothschild (2019).[166]
- A study on the adaptations to herbivory in the teeth of members of the family Tapinocephalidae is published by Whitney & Sidor (2019).[167]
- An almost complete skeleton of Tapinocaninus pamelae, providing new information on the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of this species (including the first accurate vertebral count for a dinocephalian), is described from the lowermost Beaufort Group of South Africa by Rubidge, Govender & Romano (2019).[168]
- Romano & Rubidge (2019) present body mass estimates for a well preserved and complete skeleton of Tapinocaninus pamelae from the lowermost Beaufort Group of South Africa.[169]
- A study on the skull anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Styracocephalus platyrhynchus is published by Fraser-King et al. (2019).[170]
- A study on the evolution of the sacral vertebrae of dicynodonts is published by Griffin & Angielczyk (2019).[171]
- A study on the diversity of dicynodonts from the Upper Permian Naobaogou Formation (China) is published by Liu (2019).[172]
- A study on skulls of South American dicynodonts, aiming to determine whether the differences in skull morphology were related to differences in feeding function, is published by Ordonez et al. (2019).[173]
- New fossil material of Endothiodon tolani is described from the Permian K5 Formation of the Metangula Graben (Mozambique) by Macungo et al. (2019).[174]
- A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Endothiodon bathystoma, based on data from a new specimen from the uppermost Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Supergroup (South Africa), is published online by Maharaj, Chinsamy & Smith (2019).[175]
- Small dicynodont skull assigned to the genus Digalodon is described from the Lopingian upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Zambia) by Angielczyk (2019), expanding known geographic range of this genus.[176]
- Digital endocast of Rastodon procurvidens is reconstructed by de Simão-Oliveira, Kerber & Pinheiro (2019), who evaluate biological implications of the endocast morphology of this species.[177]
- Mancuso & Irmis (2019) describe an ulna of a member of the genus Stahleckeria from the Chañares Formation (Argentina), and evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the Triassic Gondwanan biostratigraphy and biogeography.[178]
- A study on the body mass of Lisowicia bojani is published online by Romano & Manucci (2019).[179]
- A study on fossils of a putative Cretaceous dicynodont from Australia reported by Thulborn & Turner (2003)[180] is published online by Knutsen & Oerlemans (2019), who consider these fossils to be of Pliocene-Pleistocene age, and reinterpret it as fossils of a large mammal, probably a diprotodontid.[181]
- A study aiming to determine patterns of morphological and phylogenetic diversity of therocephalians throughout their evolutionary history is published by Grunert, Brocklehurst & Fröbisch (2019).[182]
- A study on variation in rates of body size evolution of therocephalians is published by Brocklehurst (2019).[183]
- A study on the morphology of the manus of a new therocephalian specimen referable to the genus Tetracynodon from the Early Triassic of South Africa, and on the evolution of the manus morphology of therocephalians, is published by Fontanarrosa et al. (2019).[184]
- A study on patterns of nonmammalian cynodont species richness and the quality of their fossil record is published by Lukic-Walther et al. (2019).[185]
- A study on the morphology and bone histology of the postcranial skeleton of Galesaurus planiceps is published by Butler, Abdala & Botha-Brink (2019).[186]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of Galesaurus planiceps is published by Pusch, Kammerer & Fröbisch (2019).[187]
- Description of teeth of all known diademodontid and trirachodontid cynodont taxa is published by Hendrickx, Abdala & Choiniere (2019), who also propose a standardized list of anatomical terms and abbreviations in the study of gomphodont teeth, assign Sinognathus and Beishanodon to the family Trirachodontidae, and consider all specimens previously referred to the species Cricodon kannemeyeri to be younger individuals of Trirachodon berryi.[188]
- A study on the bone histology of the traversodontid cynodonts Protuberum cabralense and Exaeretodon riograndesis is published by Veiga, Botha-Brink & Soares (2019).[189]
- Hypsodont postcanine teeth of Menadon besairiei are described by Melo et al. (2019), who also study patterns of dental growth and replacement in this species.[190]
- Digital endocasts of Massetognathus ochagaviae and Probelesodon kitchingi are reconstructed by Hoffmann et al. (2019).[191]
- A skull of a member of the species Massetognathus ochagaviae is described from the Carnian Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) by Schmitt et al. (2019).[192]
- Description of brain endocasts of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum and Exaeretodon riograndensis, using virtual models based on computed tomography scan data, is published by Pavanatto, Kerber & Dias-da-Silva (2019).[193]
- Description of new fossil material of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum from the Upper Triassic Caturrita Formation (Brazil) and a study on the age of its fossils is published online by Miron et al. (2019).[194]
- A study on the evolution of infraorbital maxillary canal in probainognathian cynodonts and on its implications for the knowledge of evolution of mobile whiskers in non-mammalian synapsids, as indicated by data from skulls of non-mammalian probainognathian cynodonts and early mammaliaforms, is published online by Benoit et al. (2019).[195]
- Digital skull endocast of a specimen of Riograndia guaibensis is reconstructed by Rodrigues et al. (2019).[196]
- Description of the anatomy of the first postcranial specimens referable to Riograndia guaibensis is published by Guignard, Martinelli & Soares (2019).[197]
- A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Brasilodon quadrangularis is published by Guignard, Martinelli & Soares (2019).[198]
- A study on tooth wear patterns of members of the family Tritylodontidae and on their possible diet is published by Kalthoff et al. (2019).[199]
- Possible cynodont teeth, which might be the most recent non-mammaliaform cynodont fossils from Africa reported so far, are described from the Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous locality of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco) by Lasseron (2019).[200]
- A study on the origin of the mammalian middle ear ossicles, as indicated by the anatomy of the jaw-otic complex in 43 synapsid taxa, is published by Navarro-Díaz, Esteve-Altava & Rasskin-Gutman (2019).[201]
- A study on the evolution of the morphological complexity of the mammalian vertebral column, as indicated by data from mammals and non-mammalian synapsids, is published by Jones, Angielczyk & Pierce (2019).[202]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | A member of the family Caseidae. The type species is A. simplex. |  | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Spindler, Voigt & Fischer | Slaný Formation | A member of the family Edaphosauridae; a new genus for "Naosaurus" mirabilis Fritsch (1895). Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Spindler, Werneburg & Schneider | A member of Varanopidae belonging to the subfamily Mesenosaurinae. The type species is C. trostheidei. |  | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Olivier et al. | Most likely Early Triassic | Luang Prabang Basin | A Dicynodon-grade dicynodont. Genus includes new species C. superoculis. |  | ||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Maddin, Mann & Hebert | A member of Varanopidae. Genus includes new species D. unamakiensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is scheduled to be published in 2020. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammerer | Late Permian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Suchkova & Golubev | Middle Permian | A therocephalian belonging to the family Lycosuchidae. |  | |||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Spindler | An early member of Sphenacodontia; a new genus for "Haptodus" grandis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu & Abdala | Late Permian | A therocephalian belonging to the family Akidnognathidae. The Type species is J. jiai. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Suchkova & Golubev | Middle Permian | A therocephalian belonging to the family Scylacosauridae. Genus includes new species J. crudelis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Angielczyk, Benoit & Rubidge | Late Permian | Madumabisa Mudstone Formation | A dicynodont belonging to the family Cistecephalidae. Genus includes new species K. kitchingi. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Sulej & Niedźwiedzki | Late Triassic (late Norian-earliest Rhaetian) | A gigantic dicynodont reaching an estimated body mass of 9 tons. The type species is L. bojani. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2019. |  | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Maho, Gee & Reisz | Early Permian | A member of Varanopidae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wallace, Martínez & Rowe | A probainognathian cynodont closely related to tritylodontids. The type species is P. argentinus. |  | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Spindler, Voigt & Fischer | Carboniferous–Permian transition | A member of the family Edaphosauridae. Genus includes new species R. robustus. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Olivier et al. | Most likely Early Triassic | Luang Prabang Basin | A kannemeyeriiform dicynodont. Genus includes new species R. robustus. |  | ||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kammerer | A late-surviving small dicynodont of the family Kingoriidae. Genus includes the new species T. imperforatus. |  | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kammerer et al. | Probably Middle Triassic | A stahleckeriid dicynodont. Genus includes new species U. mukanelai. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Abdala et al. | A cynodont closely related to the group Eucynodontia. Genus includes the new species V. elikhulu. |
Mammals[edit]
Other animals[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Han, Conway Morris & Shu in Han et al. | A polychaete. The type species is A. sinensis. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Valent, Fatka & Marek | A member of Hyolitha. The type species is A. romeo. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Late Ordovician | A graptolite. Genus includes A. ensiformis (Mu & Zhang in Mu et al., 1963). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pates et al. | A member of Radiodonta. Originally described as a species of Anomalocaris, but transferred to the genus Houcaris in 2021.[224] |  | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Moore in Moore et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Moore in Moore et al. | A chancelloriid sclerite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Moore in Moore et al. | A chancelloriid sclerite. | |||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Cardia et al. | An ascaridoid nematode described on the basis of fossil eggs preserved in crocodyliform coprolites. Genus includes new species B. cretacicus and B. adamantinensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Geyer, Valent & Meier | A member of Hyolitha. Genus includes new species C. diploprosopus. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Moysiuk & Caron | A radiodont belonging to the family Hurdiidae. Genus includes new species C. falcatus. |  | ||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Ivantsov et al. | A member of Proarticulata; a replacement name for Onega Fedonkin (1976). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Yun et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Moore in Moore et al. | A chancelloriid sclerite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Moore in Moore et al. | A chancelloriid sclerite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Vinn, Musabelliu & Zatoń | Late Devonian | Central Devonian Field | A member of Cornulitida. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Selly et al. | A cloudinid. Genus includes new species C. bibendi. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Earp | Early Devonian | A member of Hyolitha. Genus includes new species C. schleigeri. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sun et al. | Early Cambrian | Yu'anshan Formation | A member of Hyolitha. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Shao et al. | An animal which might be a stem-lineage derivative of Scalidophora. Genus includes new species D. kuanchuanpuensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zhao et al. | A member of the total group of Ctenophora. The type species is D. sanqiong. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Betts in Betts et al. | Early Cambrian | A tommotiid belonging to the family Kennardiidae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Muir et al. | Agglutinated tubes most likely produced by a polychaete. Genus includes new species E. anileis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kozłowska et al. | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kozłowska et al. | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kozłowska et al. | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kozłowska et al. | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Geyer, Valent & Meier | A member of Hyolitha. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | VandenBerg | A graptolite belonging to the group Dichograptina and the family Pterograptidae. The type species is "Didymograptus" eocaduceus Harris (1933). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Malinky & Geyer | A member of Hyolitha. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Currie | Europe (Baltic Sea region) | A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Han, Conway Morris & Shu in Han et al. | A polychaete. The type species is I. avitus. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith | Whetstone Gulf Formation | A relative of Nectocaris; an animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a stem-cephalopod. The type species is N. rusmithi. |  | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Štorch, Roqué Bernal & Gutiérrez-Marco | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Štorch, Roqué Bernal & Gutiérrez-Marco | A graptolite. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pan et al. | Early Cambrian | A member of Hyolitha. Genus includes new species P. shangwanensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pan et al. | Early Cambrian | A member of Hyolitha. Genus includes new species P. triplicensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Selly et al. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | A member of Vetulicolia. The type species is S. yunnanense. |  | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Nelson | A small invertebrate of uncertain phylogenetic placement, sharing characters with both tardigrades and mites, but belonging to neither group. The type species is S. dominicana. |  | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pan et al. | Early Cambrian | A member of Hyolitha. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Pates, Daley & Butterfield | A radiodont belonging to the family Hurdiidae. The type species is U. grallae. |  | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wei, Zong & Gong | Early Devonian | A member of Tentaculitida. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Late Ediacaran | An early bilaterian, possibly related to panarthropods or annelids. Genus includes new species Y. spiciformis. |
Research[edit]
- A study on moulds of animals belonging to the group Proarticulata from the southeastern White Sea area (Russia), and on their implications for the knowledge of the morphology of integuments of members of Proarticulata, is published by Ivantsov, Zakrevskaya & Nagovitsyn (2019).[253]
- A study on accumulations of Ernietta from the Witputs subbasin (Namibia), and on their implications for the knowledge of ecology of these organisms, is published by Gibson et al. (2019).[254]
- A diverse assemblage of tubular fossils – dominated by typical Ediacaran organisms such as Cloudina and Sinotubulites, but also preserving fossils showing similarities to early Cambrian shelly fossils – is described from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (China) by Cai et al. (2019).[255]
- Letsch et al. (2019) report late Ediacaran discoidal Ediacara-type fossils and latest Ediacaran to early Cambrian microfossils from the Tabia and the Tifnout members of the Adoudou Formation (Morocco), constituting the oldest known direct evidence for presumably animal life from Northwest Africa.[256]
- A study delineating different types of the asexual reproduction for Cloudina and Multiconotubus is published by Min et al. (2019).[257]
- A study on the anatomy of Charnia masoni is published by Dunn et al. (2019).[258]
- A study evaluating whether Dickinsonia was capable of mobility is published by Evans, Gehling & Droser (2019).[259]
- A study comparing the biomechanical responses of tissues of Dickinsonia to various forces with those typical of modern organisms is published by Evans et al. (2019).[260]
- A study on the anatomy, growth and phylogenetic relationships of Arborea arborea is published by Dunn, Liu & Gehling (2019).[261]
- Xiao et al. (2019) describe a new trace fossil from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (China), interpreted as produced by a bilaterian animal exploring an oxygen oasis in microbial mats, and name a new ichnotaxon Yichnus levis.[262]
- A study on fossil molds and casts from the Ordovician of Morocco and the Devonian of New York, as well as on Ediacaran mold and cast fossils from South Australia, the White Sea region of Russia, Namibia and Newfoundland, is published by MacGabhann et al. (2019), who evaluate how faithfully the fossils represent the original organisms, and whether the first animals to evolve on Earth could have been fossilized in a way similar to eldoniids from the Tafilalt Lagerstätte of Morocco.[263]
- Exceptionally preserved phosphatized archaeocyaths and small shelly fossils are reported from the Lower Cambrian Salaagol Formation of southwestern Mongolia by Pruss et al. (2019).[264]
- A study on the timing of the development of reef biodiversity, based on data from microbial-archaeocyathan reefs of the Salaagol Formation in Mongolia and other early Paleozoic reefs, is published by Cordie et al. (2019).[265]
- A study on the morphological diversity of archaeocyaths is published by Cordie & Dornbos (2019).[266]
- Evidence of extensive burrowing in laminated claystone from the Cambrian (Drumian) Ravens Throat River Lagerstätte in the Rockslide Formation (Canada) is presented by Pratt & Kimmig (2019).[267]
- Description of jaw apparatus of Plumulites bengtsoni from the Fezouata Formation of Morocco, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of machaeridians, is published by Parry et al. (2019).[268]
- Description of internal anatomical features of Canadia spinosa identified as remnants of the nervous system is published by Parry & Caron (2019).[269]
- A study on the chemical composition, morphology and phylogeny of fossil (Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic) annelid tubes and tubes formerly thought to have been made by annelids, recovered from hydrothermal vent and cold seep environments, is published by Georgieva et al. (2019).[270]
- A massive deposit composed of fossil serpulid worm tubes dating to the late Pleistocene is reported from the Santa Monica Basin off the coast of southern California by Georgieva et al. (2019).[271]
- A study on the microstructure of hyolith conchs and opercula from the lower Cambrian Xinji Formation of North China, and on its implications for inferring the phylogenetic relationships of Hyolitha, is published by Li et al. (2019).[272]
- Description of soft parts associated with the feeding apparatus of the hyolith Triplicatella opimus from the Chengjiang biota of South China, and a study on the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the phylogenetic affinities of hyoliths, is published online by Liu et al. (2019).[273]
- A study on changes of conch size in tentaculitoids from the Silurian and Devonian strata is published by Wei (2019).[274]
- A study on the anatomy of Amiskwia sagittiformis is published by Vinther & Parry (2019), who interpret two reflective patches present in fossils of this species, previously interpreted as paired cerebral ganglia, as a pair of pharyngeal jaws similar to those of gnathiferans.[275]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Amiskwia sagittiformis is published by Caron & Cheung (2019).[276]
- The oldest record of acanthocephalan parasite eggs described so far is reported from probable crocodyliform coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Brazil) by Cardia et al. (2019).[277]
- Exceptionally preserved trace and body fossils are described from the Cambrian File Haidar Formation (Sweden) by Kesidis et al. (2019), who interpret these fossils as made by priapulid-like scalidophorans.[278]
- Description of exuviae of microscopic scalidophoran worms from the lowermost Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation (China) is published by Wang et al. (2019), who interpret this finding as the oldest record of moulting in ecdysozoans reported so far.[279]
- A reassessment of radiodontan fossils known from the Cambrian Kinzers Formation (Pennsylvania, United States) is published by Pates & Daley (2019), who argue that at least four radiodontan taxa are known from this formation, and confirm that Anomalocaris pennsylvanica is a distinct species from A. canadensis.[280]
- A study on the moulting behaviour of the chengjiangocaridid fuxianhuiid Alacaris mirabilis is published by Yang et al. (2019).[281]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a stem-arthropod Guangweicaris spinatus is published by Wu & Liu (2019).[282]
- A fossil interpreted as a partial mold of a specimen of Paropsonema cryptophya is described from the Middle-Upper Devonian of New York by Hagadorn & Allmon (2019), representing the most recent occurrence of the paropsonemids reported so far.[283]
- A study evaluating the utility of eye melanosomes for determination of the phylogenetic affinities of Tullimonstrum is published by Rogers et al. (2019).[284]
Foraminifera[edit]
Research[edit]
- A study on the morphological complexity of planktic foraminifer tests after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event is published by Lowery & Fraass (2019).[285]
- A study on the response of the larger benthic