French
Deutsch2035 in public domain
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When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2035 under the most common copyright regimes.
Countries with life + 70 years
[edit]Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.
Countries with life + 50 years
[edit]In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.
Countries with life + 80 years
[edit]Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.
United States
[edit]Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1939, films released in 1939, and other works published in 1939 will enter the public domain in 2035.[5] Sound recordings published in 1934 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1964 will also enter the public domain.
The most famous films entering the public domain in 2035 are two adaptations directed by Victor Fleming for MGM: the Best Picture Academy Award winner Gone with the Wind starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, and The Wizard of Oz starring Judy Garland, both of which are widely considered to be among the greatest motion pictures of all time. Also entering the public domain are multiple Hollywood films that are considered classics among their respective genres: Frank Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington with Jean Arthur and James Stewart, Sam Wood's Goodbye, Mr. Chips with Robert Donat, John Ford's Stagecoach starring John Wayne, Dark Victory with Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart, Leo McCarey's Love Affair with Irene Dunne, Ernst Lubitsch's Ninotchka starring Greta Garbo and Melvyn Douglas, Hal Roach's Of Mice and Men adaptation with Burgess Meredith, and William Wyler's adaptation of Wuthering Heights with Merle Oberon and Laurence Olivier.
Other notable films entering the public domain this year include 20th Century Fox's two Sherlock Holmes films with Basil Rathbone, Jesse James starring Tyrone Power and Henry Fonda, Busby Berkeley's Babes in Arms starring Garland and Mickey Rooney, Dodge City starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, George Cukor's The Women, Ford's Drums Along the Mohawk starring Fonda and Claudette Colbert, Michael Curtiz's The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex, William Dieterle's adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame with Charles Laughton, Hugh Harman's short film Peace on Earth, the final Betty Boop cartoons, and Walt Disney's last Silly Symphony short The Ugly Duckling. The modern character designs of Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse will also enter the public domain.
Important literary works that will enter the public domain in 2035 include James Joyce's final work Finnegans Wake, John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, Agatha Christie's crime novel And Then There Were None, Richard Llewellyn's novel How Green Was My Valley, T. S. Eliot's poetry book Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (the source material for Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats), Joseph Kesselring's play Arsenic and Old Lace, Herge's Tintin story King Ottokar's Sceptre in its original French black-and-white version, and the children's books Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys by H. A. Rey (which introduced the monkey character now known as Curious George) in its original French, and Madeline by Ludwig Bemelmans. The first comic books of DC Comics' Batman, as well as the original character of the Human Torch from Marvel Comics (not to be confused with Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four who were introduced much later), will also become public domain in 2035. The same will happen for the booklet from the Montgomery Ward department store chain that introduced the character of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, who would later become the focus of a popular Christmas song.
Popular songs entering the public domain include "Moonlight Serenade", "God Bless America", "Over the Rainbow", and the nursery rhyme "I'm A Little Teapot".
See also
[edit]- List of American films of 1939
- 1939 in literature
- 1939 in music
- 1964 in literature and 1984 in literature for deaths of writers
- Public Domain Day
- Creative Commons
References
[edit]- ^ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
- ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ^ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.