The Anoual Formation is a geological formation in the High Atlas of Morocco . It is early Bathonian in age. It consists of two members. The lower member is several hundred metres thick, and consists largely of mudstone with lens beds of cross bedded sandstone, with thin intercalations of limestone that was deposited in a freshwater continental setting, likely lacustrine or palustrine, with small marine influences.[ 1] [ 2]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Lymnaeidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Isolated shells Freshwater snails Nerineidae [ 1] Indeterminate Anoual Upper Member Isolated shells Marine snails Planorbidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Isolated shells Freshwater snails Provalvata [ 1] P. sp. Anoual Lower Member Isolated shells Freshwater snail of the family Provalvatidae Valvatidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Isolated shells Freshwater snails
Abundant osteichthyan ichthyoliths are known. An isolated spine displaying characters seen in extant cypriniform or siluriform fishes has been recovered, alternatively can belong to a member of Myriacanthidae .[ 2]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Arganodus [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Isolated tooth plates Lungfish Arganodus reconstruction Lepidotes Scheenstia [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Isolated teeth and scales Lepidotidae bony fish Lepidotes reconstruction cf. Ionoscopiformes [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Rhomboidal scales Tentatively assigned to Ophiopsidae Mawsoniidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Skull bones including a parasphenoid Coelacanth Osteoglossiformes [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Squamules (small scales) The oldest record of the group
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Albanerpetontidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Incomplete premaxilla and incomplete frontal Likely represents a new taxon Caudata ?[ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Fragment of a dentary Lissamphibia ?[ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Fragment of a maxilla
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Testudinata [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Shell Fragments
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Parviraptor [ 2] Cf.P.sp. Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Four vertebral centra Squamatan , previously identified as a stem-snake Rhynchocephalia [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member One fragment of dentary bearing two incomplete teeth, one fragment of maxilla bearing the bases of two teeth. Similar to the co-regional but younger genus Tingitana Clevosaurus Scincomorpha [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member A fragment of bone bearing teeth, potentially a fragment of bone bearing one complete tooth Squamatan Squamata [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Incomplete maxilla, incomplete dorsal vertebra, one proximal part of femur
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Choristodera [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Fragmentary dentary, centrum of an anterior caudal vertebra, possibly centrum of a dorsal vertebra Similar to Cteniogenys
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Ornithischia [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Tooth Similar to Alocodon Illustration of a fossil of Alocodon cf.Stegosauria [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Poorly preserved tooth Theropoda [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Several teeth
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Atoposauridae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Teeth Teleosauridae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Teeth Thalattosuchia [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Teeth, various skeletal elements probably belonging to a single individual Theriosuchus [ 2] Cf.T. sp. Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Teeth An Atoposaurid
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images Amphitheriidae [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Fragment of right dentary of a juvenile individual with an anterior lower premolar and a replacing posterior premolar, fragment of an edentulous right dentary, probably middle-posterior part. Both fragments probably belong to the same taxon Dryolestida [ 2] Indeterminate Guelb el Ahmar Lower Member Fragment of a tooth bearing one cusp and one root
^ a b c d e f g h i Haddoumi, Hamid; Charrière, André; Andreu, Bernard; Mojon, Pierre-Olivier (2008). "Les dépôts continentaux du Jurassique moyen au Crétacé inférieur dans le Haut Atlas oriental (Maroc) : paléoenvironnements successifs et signification paléogéographique" . Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology . CG2008 (A06): 1– 29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Haddoumi, Hamid; Allain, Ronan; Meslouh, Said; Metais, Grégoire; Monbaron, Michel; Pons, Denise; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (January 2016). "Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian, Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco): First continental flora and fauna including mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Africa" (PDF) . Gondwana Research . 29 (1): 290– 319. Bibcode :2016GondR..29..290H . doi :10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.004 . ISSN 1342-937X . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Haddoumi, Hamid; Aiméras, Yves; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Charrière, André; Mangold, Charles; Benshili, Khadija (1998-07-01). "Âges et environnements des Couches rouges d'Anoual (Jurassique moyen et Crétacé inférieur, Haut-Atlas oriental, Maroc)" . Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science . 327 (2): 127– 133. doi :10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80043-8 . ISSN 1251-8050 . ^ MOJON, Pierre-Olivier; HADDOUMI, Hamid; CHARRIÈRE, André (2009). "Nouvelles données sur les Charophytes et Ostracodes du Jurassique moyen-supérieur - Crétacé inférieur de l'Atlas marocain" . Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) (Mémoires). doi :10.4267/2042/29781 . ISSN 1634-0744 . 
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