Geologic formation in North Carolina
The Bladen Formation is a geologic formation from the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian ) of North Carolina and South Carolina , USA. It is known for a plethora of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate fossils, including dinosaurs and mosasaurs .[ 1] Tuscaloosa Formation of Alabama .[ 2]
Unlike many other Cretaceous geologic formations from eastern North America, which were deposited in entirely marine environments, the Bladen Formation appears to have been deposited in a former river delta in an estuarine habitat, allowing for a mixture of freshwater, terrestrial, and marine fauna.[ 3] Bladen County landfill annex in Elizabethtown, North Carolina , which contains the richest known fauna from the formation.[ 4] [ 5] Quinby in Florence County, South Carolina , which also appears to have been deposited in a nonmarine environment with minor marine influence.[ 6]
It is deposited as a thin layer over the Tar Heel/Coachman Formation , which is often confused with. In North Carolina, it underlies the Maastrichtian -aged Peedee Formation , while in South Carolina it underlies the slightly younger Campanian-aged Donoho Creek Formation .[ 7]
Vertebrate paleobiota [ edit ] Based on Crane (2011), Schwimmer et al (2015) and the Paleobiology Database:[ 3] [ 6] [ 8]
Based on Crane (2011) and Case et al (2019):[ 3] [ 9]
The chondrichthyan biota closely resembles that of the Aguja Formation from Texas.[ 9]
Sharks of the Bladen Formation Genus Species Location Notes Images Archaeolamna A. kopingensis Elizabethtown, NC An archaeolamnid mackerel shark . Cantioscyllium C. clementsi Elizabethtown, NC A nurse shark . Type locality of this species. Cretalamna C. appendiculata Elizabethtown, NC A megatooth shark . C. sp. Cretorectolobus C. sp. Elizabethtown, NC A wobbegong . Galeorhinus G. sp. Elizabethtown, NC A relative of the school shark . Plicatoscyllium P. globidens Elizabethtown, NC A nurse shark. Protolamna P. borodini Elizabethtown, NC An eoptolamnid mackerel shark. Scapanorhynchus S. texanus Elizabethtown, NC A goblin shark . Squalicorax S. kaupi Elizabethtown, NC A crow shark . S. cf. S. pristodontus Squatina S. sp. Elizabethtown, NC An angelshark . Sometimes assigned to the dubious species S. hassei .[ 9]
Rays of the Bladen Formation Genus Species Location Notes Images Anoxypristis A. sp. Elizabethtown, NC A sawfish . Borodinopristis B. schwimmeri Elizabethtown, NC A sclerorhynchid sawskate . Type locality of B. shannoni .[ 10] B. shannoni Brachyrhizodus B. wichitaensis Elizabethtown, NC An eagle ray . Dasyatis D. cf. commercensis Elizabethtown, NC A whiptail stingray . Ischyrhiza I. avonicola Elizabethtown, NC A sclerorhynchid sawskate. I. mira Onchopristis O. sp. Elizabethtown, NC An onchopristid sawskate. Ptychotrygon P. triangularis Elizabethtown, NC A ptychotrygonid sawskate. P. vermiculata Protoplatyrhina P. sp. Elizabethtown, NC A hypsobatid ray.[ 11] Pseudohypolophus P. ellipsis Elizabethtown, NC A guitarfish . Rhinobatos R. casieri Elizabethtown, NC A guitarfish. Rhombodus R. binkhorsti Elizabethtown, NC A rhombodontid ray. R. laevis Schizorhiza S. sp. Elizabethtown, NC A schizorhizid sawskate.
Based on Brownstein (2018):[ 14]
^ Various Contributors to the NCSM, et al. 2020. "NCSM Collection: Paleontology Database." ^ "Geolex — Bladen publications" . ngmdb.usgs.gov . Retrieved 2024-11-13 .^ a b c Crane, Cynthia Danielle (2011). VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND TAPHONOMY OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) BLADEN FORMATION, BLADEN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA ^ "PBDB Collection" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-11-13 .^ Crane, Cynthia Danielle (2011). Vertebrate paleontology and taphonomy of the late Cretaceous (Campanian) Bladen Formation, Bladen County, North Carolina ^ a b Schwimmer, David R.; Sanders, Albert E.; Erickson, Bruce R.; Weems, Robert E. (2015). "A Late Cretaceous Dinosaur and Reptile Assemblage from South Carolina, Usa" . Transactions of the American Philosophical Society . 105 (2): i–157. ISSN 0065-9746 . JSTOR 24398224 . ^ "Geolex — Bladen publications" . ngmdb.usgs.gov . Retrieved 2024-11-13 .^ "PBDB Collection" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-11-15 .^ a b c Case, Gerald R.; Cook, Todd D.; Kightlinger, Taylor (2019-07-31). "A description of a middle Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bladen Formation of North Carolina, USA" . Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology . 7 : 69– 82. doi :10.18435/vamp29345 ISSN 2292-1389 . ^ Case, Gerard R.; Cook, Todd D.; Wilson, Mark V.H.; Borodin, Paul D. (2012). "A new species of the sclerorhynchid sawfish Borodinopristis from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of North Carolina, USA" Historical Biology . 24 (6): 592– 597. doi :10.1080/08912963.2012.663367 . ISSN 0891-2963 . ^ "Protoplatyrhina sp. | Shark-References" . shark-references.com . Retrieved 2024-11-15 .^ "PBDB Collection" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-11-13 .^ Gardner, James D.; DeMar, David G. (2013-12-01). "Mesozoic and Palaeocene lissamphibian assemblages of North America: a comprehensive review" Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments . 93 (4): 459– 515. doi :10.1007/s12549-013-0130-z . ISSN 1867-1608 . ^ Brownstein, Chase D. (2018-02-08). "The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia" . Palaeontologia Electronica . Retrieved 2024-11-15 . ^ "PBDB Collection" . paleobiodb.org . Retrieved 2024-11-13 . 
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