Citadel Peaks

Not to be confused with Citadel Mountain, also in Glacier National Park.
Citadel Peaks
North aspect
Highest point
Elevation8,040 ft (2,450 m)[1]
Prominence240 ft (73 m)[1]
Parent peakPorcupine Ridge (9,128 ft)[1]
Isolation0.46 mi (0.74 km)[1]
Coordinates48°55′44″N 113°56′05″W / 48.928832947°N 113.93473663°W / 48.928832947; -113.93473663[2]
Naming
EtymologyCitadel (descriptive)[3]
Geography
Citadel Peaks is located in Montana
Citadel Peaks
Citadel Peaks
Location in Montana
Citadel Peaks is located in the United States
Citadel Peaks
Citadel Peaks
Location in the United States
LocationGlacier National Park
Glacier County, Montana, U.S.
Parent rangeLivingston Range
Rocky Mountains
Topo mapUSGS Porcupine Ridge
Geology
Age of rockPrecambrian
Mountain typeArête[4]
Type of rockSedimentary rock

Citadel Peaks is a mountain ridge located in the Goat Haunt area of Glacier National Park, in Glacier County of the U.S. state of Montana.[2] This arête with a row of sharp points is part of the Livingston Range, and is approximately four miles east of the Continental Divide.[5] Neighbors include Olson Mountain, two miles (3.2 km) to the north, Mount Cleveland four miles (6.4 km) to the east, and Kootenai Peak 2.7 miles (4.3 km) to the south. Topographic relief is significant as Citadel Peaks rises over 3,800 feet (1,200 meters) above Waterton Lake in less than two miles, and 3,000 feet (910 meters) above Lake Janet in one mile. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the south end of Waterton Lake. The first ascent of Citadel Spire, a major pinnacle on the ridge, was made in 1967 by Jerry Kanzler, Jim Kanzler, Ray Martin, and Clare Pogreba.[6] This geographical feature's name was officially adopted in 1929 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.[2] To the Pikuni people, Citadel Peaks is known as "Ataniawxis", meaning "The Needles".[7]

Climate[edit]

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Citadel Peaks is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.[8] Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.

Geology[edit]

Like the mountains in Glacier National Park, Citadel Peaks is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks 3 mi (4.8 km) thick, 50 miles (80 km) wide and 160 miles (260 km) long over younger rock of the cretaceous period.[9]

Gallery[edit]

  • Citadel Peaks reflected in Waterton Lake. Kootenai Peak (left), Porcupine Ridge (right).
    Citadel Peaks reflected in Waterton Lake.
    Kootenai Peak (left), Porcupine Ridge (right).
  • Citadel Peaks above the south end of Waterton Lake
    Citadel Peaks above the south end of Waterton Lake
  • Southeast aspect
    Southeast aspect
  • Southeast aspect from Kootenai Lakes
    Southeast aspect from Kootenai Lakes
  • Citadel Spire
    Citadel Spire
  • Citadel Peaks (left), and Porcupine Ridge (cloud over the summit).
    Citadel Peaks (left), and Porcupine Ridge (cloud over the summit).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Citadel Peaks - 8,040' MT". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  2. ^ a b c "Citadel Peaks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  3. ^ Decisions of the United States Geographic Board, Place Names, Glacier National Park, Mont., US Government Printing Office, March 6, 1929, page 4.
  4. ^ D. Larraine Andrews, Great Walks of the World, 2014, Rocky Mountain Books, ISBN 9781771600019, page 219.
  5. ^ United States Geographic Board, Frank Bond, Sixth Report of the United States Geographic Board 1890 to 1932, US Government Printing Office, 1933, page 221.
  6. ^ "Citadel Spire, Montana". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  7. ^ Erik Molvar, Best Easy Day Hikes Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks, 2019, Falcon Guides, ISBN 9781493037100, page 80.
  8. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. S2CID 9654551.
  9. ^ Gadd, Ben (2008). "Geology of the Rocky Mountains and Columbias". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links[edit]

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