Comparison of orbital launch systems
This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or in development as of 2023; a second list includes all upcoming rockets and a third list includes all retired rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.
Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:
- Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.[note 2]
- Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
- Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.
All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]
Current rockets[edit]
Orbits legend:
- LEO, low Earth orbit
- SSO or SSPO, near-polar Sun-synchronous orbit
- polar, polar orbit
- MEO, medium Earth orbit
- GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
- GEO, geostationary orbit (direct injection)
- HEO, high Earth orbit
- HCO, heliocentric orbit
- TLI, trans-lunar injection
- TMI, trans-Mars injection
- LMO Low Mars Orbit
Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Maximum payload mass (kg) | Reusable / Expendable | Orbital launches including failures[a] | Launch site(s) | Dates of flight | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | Other | First | Latest | |||||||
Angara A5 | Russia | Khrunichev | 55.4 m | 24,500[1] | 5,400 with Briz-M[2] 7,500 with KVTK | N/A | Expendable | 4[1] | 2014 | 2024 | |
Angara 1.2 | Russia | Khrunichev | 42.7 m | 3,500[2] | N/A | 2,400 to SSO[3] | Expendable | 2[4] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Atlas V 551 | United States | ULA | 58.3 m | 18,850[5] | 8,900[5] | 13,550 to SSO[6] 3,850 to GEO[5] | Expendable | 14 | 2006 | 2023 | |
Atlas V N22[b] | United States | ULA | 52.4 m | 13,000[8] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[8] | 2019[9] | 2022 | |
Ceres-1 (3)[c] | China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | 400[11] | N/A | 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable | 8[12] | 2022 | 2023 | |
Ceres-1S[d] | China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | ~ 400[11] | N/A | ~ 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable | 1[12] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Chollima-1 | North Korea | NADA | 26.2 m | > 300[13] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3[14] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Electron | United States New Zealand | Rocket Lab | 18 m[e] - 18.7 m[f] | 300[15] | N/A | 200 to SSO[15] | Partially reusable | 46[16] | 2017 | 2024 | |
Epsilon | Japan | IHI[17] | 24.4 m | 1,500[18] | N/A | 590 to SSO[18] | Expendable | 6[18] | 2013 | 2022 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 17,500[19] | 5,500[20] | N/A | Partially reusable | 270[20] | 2018 | 2024 | |
22,800[20] | 8,300[20] | 4,020 to TMI[20] | Expendable | ||||||||
Falcon Heavy[21] | United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 30,000[22] | 8,000[23] | N/A | Partially reusable | 9[23] | 2018 | 2023 | |
63,800[23] | 26,700[23] | 16,800 to TMI[23] | Expendable | ||||||||
Firefly Alpha | United States | Firefly Aerospace | 29 m | 1,030[24] | N/A | 630 to SSO[24] | Expendable | 4[25] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Gravity-1 | China | Orienspace | 31.4 m | 6,500[26] | N/A | 4,200 to SSO[26] | Expendable | 1[26] | 2024 | 2024 | |
GSLV Mk II | India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 6,000[27] | 2,250[27] | N/A | Expendable | 10[28] | 2010 | 2024 | |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m | 8,000[29] | 4,000[29] | 5,100 to SSO[g] | Expendable | 33[30] | 2001 | 2023 | |
H3-22S | Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A[31] | 3,500 | N/A | Expendable | 2[32] | 2023 | 2024 | |
Hyperbola-1 (2)[h] | China | i-Space | 22.5 m | 300[34] | N/A | 300 to SSO[34] | Expendable | 5[34] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Jielong 1[35] | China | CALT | 19.5 m | N/A | N/A | 200 to SSO[36] | Expendable | 1[35] | 2019 | 2019 | |
Jielong 3 | China | CALT | 31.8 m | N/A | N/A | 1,500 (500 km SSO)[37] | Expendable | 3[37] | 2022 | 2024 | |
KAIROS | Japan | Space One | 18 m | 250 | N/A | 150 to SSO[38] | Expendable | 1 | 2024 | 2024 | |
Kinetica 1 | China | CAS Space | 30 m | 2,000[39] | N/A | 1,500[39] (500 km SSO) | Expendable | 3[39] | 2022 | 2024 | |
Kuaizhou 1A | China | ExPace | 19.8 m | 400[40] | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable | 28[40] | 2013[i] | 2024 | |
Kuaizhou 11 | China | ExPace | 25.3 m | 1,500[42] | N/A | 1,000 to SSO[42] | Expendable | 2[43] | 2020 | 2022 | |
Long March 2C | China | CALT | 42 m | 3,850 [44] | 1,250 with CTS2[44] | 2,000 to SSO with YZ-1S[45] | Expendable | 77[46] | 1982 | 2024 | |
Long March 2D | China | SAST | 41.1 m | 3,500[47] | N/A | 1,150 to SSO[48] | Expendable | 89[46] | 1992 | 2024 | |
Long March 2F | China | CALT | 62 m | 8,400[47] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 23[46] | 1999 | 2024 | |
Long March 3A | China | CALT | 52.5 m | 6,000[49] | 2,600[49] | 5,000 to SSO 1,420 to TLI[49] | Expendable | 27[49] | 1994 | 2018 | |
Long March 3B/E | China | CALT | 56.3 m | 11,500[49] | 5,500[49] | 6,900 to SSO 3,500 to TLI[49] | Expendable | 82[49] | 2007 | 2024 | |
Long March 3C | China | CALT | 54.8 m | 9,100[49] | 3,800[49] | 6,500 to SSO 2,300 to TLI[49] | Expendable | 18[49] | 2008 | 2021 | |
Long March 4B | China | SAST | 44.1 m | 4,200[50] | 1,500[50] | 2,800 to SSO[50] | Expendable | 48[50] | 1999 | 2023 | |
Long March 4C | China | SAST | 45.8 m | 4,200[51] | 1,500[51] | 2,800 to SSO[51] | Expendable | 53[51] | 2006 | 2023 | |
Long March 5 | China | CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[52] | 14,000 [52] | 15,000 to SSO[53] 4,500 to GEO[53] 8,200 to TLI[54] 6,000 to TMI[54] | Expendable | 7[53] | 2016 | 2024 | |
Long March 5B | China | CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[53] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 4[53] | 2020[55] | 2022 | |
Long March 6 | China | SAST | 29 m | 1,500[56] | N/A | 1,080 to SSO[56] | Expendable | 11[56] | 2015 | 2023 | |
Long March 6A | China | SAST | 50 m | 8,000 | N/A | 4,500 to SSO[57] | Expendable | 5[58] | 2022 | 2024 | |
Long March 7 | China | CALT | 53.1 m | 14,000[59] | 7,000 | 5,500 to SSO[59] | Expendable | 8[60] | 2016[61] | 2024 | |
Long March 7A | China | CALT | 60.13 m | 13,500 | 7,000[55] | N/A | Expendable | 6[60] | 2020 | 2023 | |
Long March 8 822[62] | China | CALT | 50.34 m | 8,400 | 2,800[63] | 5,000 to SSO[63] 1,500 to TLI | Expendable | 2[64] | 2020 | 2024 | |
Long March 8 820[65] | China | CALT | 48 m | 4,500 | N/A | 3,000 to SSO | Expendable | 1[64] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Long March 11 | China | CALT | 20.8 m | 700[66] | N/A | 350 to SSO[66] | Expendable | 17[66] | 2015 | 2023 | |
LVM 3 | India | ISRO | 43.4 m | 10,000[67] | 4,000[67] | 3,000 to TLI | Expendable | 6[68] | 2017[j] | 2023 | |
Minotaur-C[70] | United States | Northrop Grumman | 27.9 m | 1,458[71] | 445[71] | 1,054 to SSO[k][71] | Expendable | 1[71] | 2017 | 2017 | |
Minotaur I | United States | Northrop Grumman | 19.2 m | 580[72] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 12[73] | 2000 | 2021 | |
Minotaur IV | United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | 1,730[72] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 5[74][l] | 2010 | 2020 | |
Minotaur V | United States | Northrop Grumman | 24.6 m | N/A | 678[74] | 465 to HCO[74] | Expendable | 1[74] | 2013 | 2013 | |
Nuri (KSLV-II) | South Korea | KARI | 47.2 m | 3,300[75] | N/A | 1,900 to SSO[75] | Expendable | 3[76] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Northrop Grumman | 16.9 m | 454[77] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 35[78] | 1994 | 2021 | |
Proton-M | Russia | Khrunichev | 58.2 m | 23,000[79] | 6,150 [80] | 3,300 to GEO[80] | Expendable | 115[81][82][80] | 2001 | 2023 | |
PSLV-CA | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 2,100[83] | N/A | 1,100 to SSO[83] | Expendable | 17[84][83] | 2007 | 2023 | |
PSLV-DL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | 750 to polar | Expendable | 4[85] | 2019 | 2024 | |
PSLV-QL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[86] | 2019 | 2019 | |
PSLV-XL | India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 3,800[87] | 1,300[87] | 1,750 to SSO[87] 550 to TMI[88] | Expendable | 25[87] | 2008 | 2023 | |
Qaem 100 | Iran | IRGC | 15.5 m | 80[89] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[m] | 2023 | 2024 | |
Qased | Iran | IRGC | 18.8 m | 40[90] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3[90] | 2020 | 2023 | |
Shavit-2 | Israel | IAI | 22.1 m | 400 in Retrograde[91] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 6[92] | 2007 | 2023 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 26 m | 250[93] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 7[94][93][n] | 2017 | 2024 | |
GYUB TV2[95] | South Korea | MND | 19.5 m | > 100[96] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1[96] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 7,020 from Baikonur 6,830 from Plesetsk 7,150 from Vostochny[97] | N/A | 4,450 to SSO[98] | Expendable | 65[99][98][100] | 2006[o] | 2024 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 8,200 from Baikonur 7,850 from Plesetsk 8,320 from Vostochny[97] | 3,060[102] | 4,900 to SSO[102] | Expendable | 71[103][102] | 2006 | 2024 | |
Soyuz-2.1v | Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 44 m | 2,800[104] | N/A | 1,400 to SSO 2,630 to polar[104] | Expendable | 12[104] | 2013 | 2024 | |
Starship[105] | United States | SpaceX | 121 m | 150,000[106] - 250,000 | N/A | N/A | Fully reusable | 3 | 2023 | 2024 | |
SLS Block 1 | United States | NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman | 98 m | 95,000[107] | N/A | 27,000+ to TLI[107] | Expendable | 1[108] | 2022[109] | 2022 | |
SSLV | India | ISRO | 34 m | 500[110] | N/A | 300 to SSO[110] | Expendable | 2[111] | 2022 | 2023 | |
Tianlong-2 | China | Space Pioneer | 32.8 m | 2,000[112] | N/A | 1,500 to SSO[112] | Expendable | 1[112] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Vega | Europe Italy | ArianeGroupAvio | 31 m | 2,300[113] | N/A | 1,330 to SSO[114] 1,500 to polar[115] | Expendable | 21[116] | 2012 | 2023 | |
Vega-C | Europe Italy | ArianeGroupAvio | 36.2 m | 3,300[117] | N/A | 2,200 to SSO 2,300 to polar[117] | Expendable | 2[118] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Vulcan Centaur VC2 | United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 19,000[119] | 8,400[119] | 2,600 to GEO 15,200 to polar 6,300 to TLI[119] | Expendable | 1[120] | 2024 | 2024 | |
Zhuque-2 | China | LandSpace | 49.5 m | 6,000[121] | N/A | 4,000 to SSO[121] | Expendable | 3[121] | 2022[122] | 2023 |
- ^ Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
- ^ for Starliner[7]
- ^ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
- ^ Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
- ^ Standard height.
- ^ Height with BlackSky satellites.
- ^ 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km[29]: 64–65
- ^ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[33]
- ^ A suborbital test flight was conducted in March 2012.[41]
- ^ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).[69]
- ^ Reference altitude 400 km
- ^ Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.[74]
- ^ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
- ^ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016; both orbital flights in 2017 and 2019 failed.[93]
- ^ Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.[101]
Upcoming rockets[edit]
Upcoming launch vehicles
Retired rockets[edit]
Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Mass to ... (kg) | Reuse | Launches (+ suborbital) | Launch Site (s) | Date of flight | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | Other | First | Last | |||||||
Antares 110–130 | United States | Orbital | 40.5-41.9 m | 5,100[167] | 1,500 to SSO | No | 5[167] | 2013 | 2014 | ||
Antares 230 / 230+ | United States | Northrop Grumman | 42.5 m | 8,200[167] | 3,000 to SSO[a] | No | 13 | 2016 | 2023 | ||
Ariane 1 | Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m | 1,830[168] | No | 11[168] | 1979 | 1986 | |||
Ariane 2 | Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m | 2,270[168] | No | 6[168] | 1986 | 1989 | |||
Ariane 3 | Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m | 2,650[168] | No | 11[168] | 1984 | 1989 | |||
Ariane 4 40 | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 4,600[168] | 2,105 | 2,740 to SSO | No | 7[168] | 1990 | 1999 | |
Ariane 4 42L | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[168] | 3,480 | 4,500 to SSO | No | 13[168] | 1993 | 2002 | |
Ariane 4 42P | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 6,000[168] | 2,930 | 3,400 to SSO | No | 15[168] | 1990 | 2002 | |
Ariane 4 44L | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[168] | 4,720 | 6,000 to SSO | No | 40[168] | 1989 | 2003 | |
Ariane 4 44LP | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[168] | 4,220 | 5,000 to SSO | No | 26[168] | 1988 | 2001 | |
Ariane 4 44P | Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 6,500[168] | 3,465 | 4,100 to SSO | No | 15[168] | 1991 | 2001 | |
Ariane 5 G | Europe | EADS Astrium | 47.5 m | 18,000[169] | 6,900[169] | No | 16[169] | 1996 | 2003 | ||
Ariane 5 G+ | Europe | EADS Astrium | 48 m | 7,100[169] | No | 3[169] | 2004 | 2004 | |||
Ariane 5 GS | Europe | EADS Astrium | 48 m | 16,000[170] | 6,600[169] | No | 6[169] | 2005 | 2009[171] | ||
Ariane 5 ES | Europe | EADS Astrium | 50.7 m | 21,000[172] | 8,000[169] | No | 8[169] | 2008 | 2018 | ||
Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | EADS Astrium | 52.6 m | 21,000[172] | 11,210[173] | No | 84 | 2002 | 2023 | ||
ASLV | India | ISRO[174] | 23.5 m | 150[175] | No | 4[175] | 1987 | 1994 | |||
Athena I LLV-1 | United States | Lockheed Martin | 18.4 m | 500 | No | 1 | 1995 | 1995 | |||
Athena I | United States | Lockheed Martin | 18.9 m | 795[176] | 515 | No | 3 | 1997 | 2001 | ||
Athena II | United States | Lockheed Martin | 28.2 m | 1,800[177] | No | 3[178] | 1998 | 1999[179] | |||
Black Arrow | United Kingdom | RAE | 13 m | 73[180] | No | 2 (+2) | 1969[b] | 1971 | |||
Blue Scout II | United States | Vought | 24 m | 30 | No | 3 | 1961 | 1961 | |||
Ceres-1 (1)[c] | China | Galactic Energy | 18.5 m | 350 | No | 1 | 2020 | 2020 | |||
Ceres-1 (2)[c] | China | Galactic Energy | 19.5 m | 400 | No | 1 | 2021 | 2021 | |||
Commercial Titan III | United States | Martin Marietta | 47.3 m | 13,100[181] | No | 4 | 1990 | 1992 | |||
Conestoga 1620 | United States | Space Services | 15.2 m | 1179 | No | 1 | 1995 | 1995 | |||
Diamant A | France | SEREB | 18.9 m | 80 | No | 4 | 1965 | 1967 | |||
Diamant B | France | SEREB | 23.5 m | 115 | No | 5 | 1970 | 1973 | |||
Diamant BP4 | France | SEREB | 21.6 m | 153 | No | 3 | 1975 | 1975 | |||
Dnepr | Ukraine | Yuzhmash | 34.3 m | 3,700[182] | No | 22[182] | 1999 | 2015[183] | |||
Energia[d] | Soviet Union | NPO Energia | 58.8 m | 105,000 | 20,000 to GEO[184] 32,000 to TLI[184] | No | 1 (failed to orbit)[185] | 1987 | 1987 | ||
Energia-Buran | Soviet Union | NPO Energia NPO Molniya | 58.8 m | 30,000[184][e] | Yes | 1 | 1988 | 1988 | |||
Epsilon | Japan | IHI[17] | 24.4 m | 1,200 | N/A | 450 to SSO | No | 1 | 2013 | 2022 | |
Epsilon (enhanced) | Japan | IHI[17] | 26 m | 1,500[18] | N/A | 590 to SSO[18] | No | 6[18] | |||
Europa I | Europe | ELDO | 31.7 m | 1,440 | 200 | No | 3 | 1968 | 1970 | ||
Europa II | Europe | ELDO | 31.7 m | 360 | No | 1 | 1971 | 1971 | |||
Falcon 1 | United States | SpaceX | 21 m | 470[186] | No | 5[186] | 2006 | 2009 | |||
Falcon 9 v1.0 | United States | SpaceX | 47.8 m | 9,000 | 3,400 | No | 5 | 2010 | 2013 | ||
Falcon 9 v1.1 | United States | SpaceX | 68.4 m | 13,150[187][f] | 4,850[187] | No | 15[188] | 2013 | 2016 | ||
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 17,400[189] | 5,500[189] | 9,600 to polar[190] | Yes | 36 | 2015 | 2018 | |
22,800[189] | 8,300[189] | No | |||||||||
Feng Bao 1 | China | Shanghai Bureau No.2 | 33 m | 2,500[191] | No | 8 (+3)[192] | 1972 | 1981 | |||
GSLV Mk.I(a) | India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[27] | 1,540[193] | No | 1[193] | 2001 | 2001 | ||
GSLV Mk.I(b) | India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[27] | 2,150[193] | No | 4[193] | 2003 | 2007 | ||
GSLV Mk.I(c) | India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[27] | No | 1[193] | 2010 | 2010 | |||
H-I | Japan United States | Mitsubishi | 42 m | 1,400[194] | No | 9 | 1986 | 1992 | |||
H-II / IIS | Japan | Mitsubishi | 49 m | 10,060[195] | 4,000[196] | No | 7[196] | 1994 | 1999 | ||
H-IIA 204 | Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m | 15,000 | 5,950[29]: 48 | No | 5[30] | 2006 | 2021 | ||
H-IIA 2022 | Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m | 4,500[30] | No | 3[30] | 2005 | 2007 | |||
H-IIA 2024 | Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | 11,000[197] | 5,000[30] | No | 7[30] | 2002 | 2008 | ||
H-IIB | Japan | Mitsubishi | 56.6 m | 16,500 (ISS)[198] | 8,000 | No | 8[199] | 2009 | 2020 | ||
Hyperbola-1 (1)[g] | China | i-Space | 20.9 m | 260 | No | 1 | 2019 | 2019 | |||
Juno I | United States | Chrysler | 21.2 m | 11 | No | 1 | 1958 | 1959 | |||
Juno II | United States | Chrysler | 24 m | 41 | 6 to TLI | No | 10 | 1958 | 1961 | ||
Kaituozhe-1 | China | CALT | 13.6 m | 40 | No | 2 | 2002 | 2003 | |||
Kaituozhe-2 | China | CASC | 16.8 m | 800[200] | No | 1[200] | 2017 | 2017 | |||
Kosmos | Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 29.6 m | 350 | No | 38 | 1961 | 1967 | |||
Kosmos-1 | Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 26.3 m | 1,400 | No | 8 | 1964 | 1965 | |||
Kosmos-2 | Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 31 m | 300 | No | 127 | 1965 | 1977 | |||
Kosmos-3 | Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,400 | No | 6 | 1966 | 1968 | |||
Kosmos-3M | Soviet Union Russia | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,500[201] | No | 445 | 1967 | 2010 | |||
Kosmos-3MRB | Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,500 | No | 10 | 1980 | 1988 | |||
Lambda 4S | Japan | Nissan Motors[202] | 16.5 m | 26[203] | No | 5 | 1966 | 1970 | |||
LauncherOne | United States | Virgin Orbit | 21.3 m | 500 | 300 to SSO | No | 6 | 2020 | 2023 | ||
Long March 1 | China | CALT | 29.9 m | 300[204] | No | 2[205] | 1970 | 1971 | |||
Long March 1D | China | CALT | 28.2 m | 740[206] | No | 0 (+3)[205] | 1995[h] | 2002 | |||
Long March 2A | China | CALT | 32 m | 2,000[207] | No | 4[46] | 1974 | 1978 | |||
Long March 2E | China | CALT | 49.7 m | 9,200[46] | No | 7[46] | 1990 | 1995 | |||
Long March 3 | China | CALT | 43.3 m | 5,000[49] | No | 13[49] | 1984 | 2000 | |||
Long March 3B | China | CALT | 54.8 m | 11,200[208] | 5,100 | 5,700 to SSO | No | 12[49] |