Endive

A broad-leaved endive cultivar of species Cichorium endivia
An heirloom endive cultivar of species Cichorium intybus
Endive, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy71 kJ (17 kcal)
3.35 g
Dietary fiber3.1 g
0.2 g
1.25 g
VitaminsQuantity
%DV
Vitamin A equiv.
12%
108 μg
12%
1300 μg
Thiamine (B1)
7%
0.08 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
6%
0.075 mg
Niacin (B3)
3%
0.4 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)
18%
0.9 mg
Folate (B9)
36%
142 μg
Vitamin C
7%
6.5 mg
Vitamin E
3%
0.44 mg
Vitamin K
193%
231 μg
MineralsQuantity
%DV
Calcium
4%
52 mg
Iron
5%
0.83 mg
Magnesium
4%
15 mg
Manganese
18%
0.42 mg
Phosphorus
2%
28 mg
Potassium
7%
314 mg
Zinc
7%
0.79 mg

Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.[1]

Endive (/ˈɛndv, -dɪv, ˈɑːndv/)[2] is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus Cichorium, which includes several similar bitter-leafed vegetables. Species include Cichorium endivia (also called endive), Cichorium pumilum (also called wild endive), and Cichorium intybus (also called chicory). Chicory includes types such as radicchio, puntarelle, and Belgian endive.

There is considerable confusion between Cichorium endivia and Cichorium intybus.[3][4]

Cichorium endivia[edit]

There are two main varieties of cultivated C. endivia chicon:

  • Curly endive, or frisée (var. crispum). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. It is sometimes called chicory in the United States and is called chicorée frisée in French. Further confusion results from the fact that frisée also refers to greens lightly wilted with oil.
  • Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var. latifolia), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties. Varieties or names include broad-leaved Batavian endive, grumolo, scarola, and scarole. It is eaten like other greens, sauteed, chopped into soups and stews, or as part of a green salad.

Cichorium intybus[edit]

Cichorium intybus endive is popular in Europe, and is also known as leaf chicory.

Chemical constituents[edit]

Endive is rich in many vitamins and minerals, especially in folate and vitamins A and K, and is high in fiber. It also contains kaempferol.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  2. ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  3. ^ "Chicory and Endive". Innvista. 2013-07-31. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
  4. ^ "Endive | Archives | Aggie Horticulture". Plantanswers.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
  5. ^ Anderson, B. (2001), The Foods of Italy: The Quality of Life, Italian Trade Commission, p. 147
  6. ^ Kasper, L.R. (1999), The Italian Country Table, Scribner, ISBN 9780684813257
  7. ^ DuPont, M. S., Day, A. J., Bennett, R. N., Mellon, F. A., Kroon, P. A., Absorption of kaempferol from endive, a source of kaempferol-3-glucuronide, in humans, Eur J Clin Nutr 2004 Jun;58(6):947-54

External links[edit]