Federal parliamentary republic

A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy. If there is any confusion, this means that the government and the parliament share equal control, being a mix of the two.

List of federal parliamentary republics[edit]

Federation Official style Head of state elected by Head of state Head of government Head of government elected by
 Austria Republic of Austria Direct, by second-round system President of Austria Chancellor of Austria Parliament, by majority
 Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Parliament, by two-thirds majority President of Ethiopia Prime Minister of Ethiopia Parliament
 Germany Federal Republic of Germany Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates),

by absolute majority

President of Germany Chancellor of Germany Parliament, by absolute majority
 India Republic of India Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote[1] President of India Prime Minister of India Lower House of Parliament, by absolute majority[1]
 Iraq Republic of Iraq Regions of Iraq President of Iraq Prime Minister Parliament, by two-thirds majority
 Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Subdivisions of Micronesia Parliament, by majority
   Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Subdivisions of Nepal President of Nepal Prime Minister of Nepal Parliament and state legislators
 Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan Subdivisions of Pakistan President of Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan Electoral College, by two-thirds majority
 Somalia Federal Republic of Somalia Subdivisions of Somalia President of Somalia Prime Minister of Somalia Parliament
  Switzerland Swiss Confederation Cantons of Switzerland Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority

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