Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is an association of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, the ruling party of Botswana, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]

Members[edit]

Party Abbreviation Country Established National legislature seats
Lower house Upper house
African National Congress ANC  South Africa 1912
230 / 400
54 / 90
Botswana Democratic Party BDP  Botswana 1961
38 / 65
Chama Cha Mapinduzi CCM  Tanzania 1977
362 / 393
Liberation Front of Mozambique FRELIMO  Mozambique 1962
184 / 250
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola MPLA  Angola 1956
124 / 220
SWAPO Party of Namibia SWAPO  Namibia 1960
63 / 104
28 / 42
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front ZANU–PF  Zimbabwe 1963
179 / 270
34 / 80

Summits[edit]

City Country Date Ref.
Johannesburg  South Africa October 2000 [4]
Harare  Zimbabwe 2001 [4]
Johannesburg  South Africa 25 November 2008 [5]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 4 May 2010 [1][6]
Windhoek  Namibia 11 August 2011 [1][7]
Pretoria  South Africa 6–9 March 2013 [5][7]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania October 2013 [8][9]
Maputo  Mozambique 20 November 2015 [10]
Victoria Falls  Zimbabwe 4–8 May 2016 [11]
 Zimbabwe December 2017 [12][13]
Windhoek  Namibia 20–22 November 2018 [14]
Victoria Falls  Zimbabwe 8–12 September 2019 [15]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-03911-989-9.
  5. ^ a b "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via allAfrica.
  7. ^ a b "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ^ Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  9. ^ Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  11. ^ Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. ^ Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. ^ Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

External links[edit]

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