Haemal node

Hemal nodes (haemel nodes in British English), also known as hemolymph nodes (haemolymph nodes) or splenolymph nodes, are lymphoid organs found in various mammals (especially prominent in ruminants)^[1] and some birds.^[2] Hemal nodes were first described by Gibbes in 1884.^[3] Hemal nodes appear similar to lymph nodes in the structure of its lymphoid follicles and to the spleen in the structure in its lymphoid cords.^[4] It is presumed to have the same function as the spleen.^[5]

References[edit]

^ "THE HEMAL NODES". Journal of the American Medical Association. 131 (9): 744. 29 June 1946. doi:10.1001/jama.1946.02870260028009.
^ Zidan, M.; Pabst, R. (2004). "Histological, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Haemal Nodes of the Dromedary Camel". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 33 (5): 284–9. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00550.x. PMID 15352881. S2CID 34831428.
^ Turner, DR (1971). "Immunological competence of the hemal node". Journal of Anatomy. 110 (1): 17–24. PMC 1271025. PMID 4110862.
^ Huang, Y; Cui, Y; Yu, S; He, J; He, Y; Zhang, Q; Liu, P; Pu, Y; Sun, J; Kang, X (March 2019). "Comparison of histological characteristics and expression of CD3 and CD79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (Bos grunniens)". Histology and Histopathology. 34 (3): 241–256. doi:10.14670/HH-18-030. PMID 30024020.
^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 410–1. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.

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[jama46-1] "THE HEMAL NODES". Journal of the American Medical Association. 131 (9): 744. 29 June 1946. doi:10.1001/jama.1946.02870260028009.

[2] Zidan, M.; Pabst, R. (2004). "Histological, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Haemal Nodes of the Dromedary Camel". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 33 (5): 284–9. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00550.x. PMID 15352881. S2CID 34831428.

[3] Turner, DR (1971). "Immunological competence of the hemal node". Journal of Anatomy. 110 (1): 17–24. PMC 1271025. PMID 4110862.

[4] Huang, Y; Cui, Y; Yu, S; He, J; He, Y; Zhang, Q; Liu, P; Pu, Y; Sun, J; Kang, X (March 2019). "Comparison of histological characteristics and expression of CD3 and CD79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (Bos grunniens)". Histology and Histopathology. 34 (3): 241–256. doi:10.14670/HH-18-030. PMID 30024020.

[5] Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 410–1. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.

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