French
DeutschHeinz Geggel
Heinz Geggel | |
|---|---|
 Geggel in his 1996 USC Shoah Foundation interview | |
| Head of the Agitation Department of the Central Committee | |
| In office 14 December 1973[citation needed] – November 1989 | |
| Secretary | [citation needed] |
| Preceded by | Hans Modrow |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Head of the West Department of the Central Committee | |
| In office 23 June 1965[citation needed] – 14 December 1973[citation needed] | |
| Secretary | [citation needed] |
| Preceded by | Arne Rehan[citation needed] |
| Succeeded by | Herbert Häber[citation needed] |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 November 1921 Munich, Bavaria, Weimar Republic (now Germany) |
| Died | 15 November 2000 (aged 79) Berlin, Germany |
| Political party | Socialist Unity Party (1948–1989) |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of Germany (1944–1948) |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation |
|
Central institution membership
Other offices held
| |
Heinz Geggel (11 November 1921 – 15 November 2000) was an East German journalist and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).
Born to a Jewish family of merchants, Geggel fled Nazi Germany to Cuba, where he was involved with the Communist resistance to the Nazis. After the war he returned to the Soviet occupation zone, where he became a journalist. Geggel served as the longtime head of the powerful Central Committee Agitation Department that de facto commanded East German press. He infamously became known as "Dr. Geggels" (in reference to Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels) among the journalists he directed and controlled.
Life and career
[edit]Early life
[edit]Heinz Geggel was born on 11 November 1921 in Munich to a Jewish family of merchants. He attended primary and secondary school there from 1928 to 1936. Due to his Jewish heritage, he had to emigrate from Germany after the Nazis rose to power. He initially fled to Switzerland, where he completed an apprenticeship at a commercial school in Neuchâtel. In 1938, he moved to Belgium, studying textile engineering at a technical school in Verviers. When Belgium was invaded by Nazi Germany in May 1940, Geggel was interned in Brussels and forced into labor. He was later moved to internment camps in southern France, including the Gurs internment camp and Camp des Milles. His German citizenship had been revoked in 1940.[1][2]
Geggel was redeemed in August 1941 and stayed in La Ciotat until December of that year,[2] when he fled to Cuba via the neutral Casablanca.[1][2][3] After a few odd jobs in Havana,[2] he was trained as a diamond cutter by Jewish refugees from Antwerp.[1][2] He became active in the German resistance against the Nazis, joining the Confederation of Cuban Workers and leading the Committee of German Antifascists in Cuba.[1][2][4] In 1944, Geggel additionally joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and dealt with the registration of German Nazis living in Cuba.[2]
Journalist in the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany
[edit]After the war, he returned to Allied-occupied Germany in November 1947, arriving in Berlin via Frankfurt am Main in February 1948. He became a member of the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED) in March 1948 and initially worked as an editor at Funkhaus Grünau. From 1949 to 1956, he was an editor and department head at the East German radio station Berliner Rundfunk. He concurrently attended the SED's "Karl Marx" Party Academy for a one-year course from 1953 to 1954.[2]
In 1957, he was promoted to director of the Deutschlandsender, a radio station aimed at influencing West German listeners, concurrently serving as deputy chairman of its parent,[5] East Germany's State Broadcasting Committee.[2][5][6]
Central Committee apparatus
[edit]Geggel moved to the apparatus of the SED Central Committee in 1960 as head of the West Commission's SPD Working Group,[2][3] briefly becoming secretary of the West Commission from 1962.[2] In 1963, he was made deputy head of the Central Committee West Department, which was responsible for influencing West German politics. He was additionally elected to the Central Committee as a candidate member in January 1963 (VI. Party Congress).[2]
Two years later, Geggel succeeded Arne Rehahn as head of the West Department, which by 1965 had become the deciding Central Committee institution responsible for West Germany. Geggel's tenure at the department coincided with the underground work of the illegal SED-controlled West German KPD and its 1968 reestablishment as German Communist Party (DKP). In June 1971 (VIII. Party Congress), he was made a full member of the Central Committee, serving until its collective resignation in December 1989.[2][3]
Agitation Department
[edit]In October 1973, he succeeded Hans Modrow, who was moved out of the Central Committee apparatus by Erich Honecker, as head of the Central Committee Agitation Department.[2][7][8][9] From 1971, Geggel was also a board member of the Association of Journalists of the GDR.[2]
As head of the Agitation Department, Geggel's task was to align the East German press with the political line of the SED.[10][11]
Representatives of East German press organs were required to attend so-called "argumentation sessions" (German: Argumentationssitzungen) (Argus), held every Thursday at the Central Committee building, for this purpose.[9][12][13][14][15] Officially meant to provide information, Geggel actually dictated which issues are to be reported on, with what priority and how; often, even detailed wording of headlines and specific phrases were prescribed during these Argus.[9][13][15][16] Due to the atmosphere and his unyielding stance in these sessions, even questioning Geggel being suspect,[13] journalists sometimes referred to him as "Dr. Geggels", in reference to Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels.[8][13][15][17]
Geggel was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1959, 1964 and 1970, the Banner of Labor in 1968, 1971 and 1981, the Order of Karl Marx in 1981 and 1986,[1][2] and the Hero of Labour title in 1984.[1][18]
Peaceful Revolution
[edit]Geggel's last Argus was held on 19 October 1989, two days after Erich Honecker was removed from power, the Peaceful Revolution already underway. The new leadership refrained from directly interfering with the press. Geggel acknowledged the negative effects of his department's control over the press but refused to take responsibility, instead blaming the editors-in-chief.[19]
In November 1989, Geggel resigned as department head and went into retirement.[2] He was expelled from Association of Journalists in January 1990 alongside Joachim Herrmann and other high-ranking Agitation Department officials as the people responsible for "abuse of the media".[20] He died in Berlin on 15 November 2000 at the age of 79.[1][2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "Heinz Geggel". hdbg.eu. Menschen aus Bayern (in German). Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte: Museum. Retrieved 2025-07-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Barth, Bernd-Rainer; Müller-Enbergs, Helmut (2010). "Geggel, Heinz". www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de. Wer war wer in der DDR? (in German). Berlin: Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ a b c Mensing, Wilhelm (2010). SED-Hilfe für West-Genossen: die Arbeit der Abteilung Verkehr beim Zentralkomitee der SED im Spiegel der Überlieferung des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR (1946 - 1976) (PDF). BF informiert (in German). Berlin: Stasi Records Agency. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-942130-71-4.
Heinz Geggel, 1921–2000, in der NS-Zeit Emigration in Kuba, nach 1945 zunächst Rundfunkarbeit in der DDR, seit 1960 Westkommission, später Leiter der Westabteilung des ZK der SED, ab 1971 Mitglied des ZK der SED.
- ^ "Holocaust survivor, Heinz Geggel". USC Shoah Foundation. University of Southern California. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ a b East German State Radio Broadcasting Committee in East Berlin: Organization and Personnel (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 1958-04-08. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-07-12.
- ^ Nawrocki, Joachim (1978-04-07). "Honeckers neuer Chefagitator". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ Gräfe, Sylvia, ed. (2005). "Abteilung Agitation im ZK der SED". www.argus.bstu.bundesarchiv.de (in German). Berlin: German Federal Archives. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ a b Bytwerk, Randall, ed. (2002). "Heinz Geggel on Agitation". research.calvin.edu. Calvin University. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
Heinz Geggel was head of the East German Communist Party's Agitation Department from 1973-1989. Among other things, he oversaw the East German mass media and the widespread system of agitators in factories and neighborhoods. He was not particularly liked. Behind his back, he was sometimes called Dr. Geggels, a comparison to Joseph Goebbels.
- ^ a b c Bürger, Ulrich (1990). Das sagen wir natürlich so nicht! Donnerstag-Argus bei Herrn Geggel (in German). Berlin: Dietz. pp. 11–15. ISBN 978-3-320-01619-7.
- ^ Rank, Martin (2014-03-03). Die Blätter werden bunter. Zur Presselenkung in der DDR und ihrem Ende im Herbst 1989 (Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) thesis) (in German). Dresden: Qucosa. p. 8. Retrieved 2025-04-13.
Zuständig für die direkte Anleitung der Presse war die ZKAbteilung Agitation, die zuletzt von Heinz Geggel geleitet wurde
- ^ Arnold, Karl-Heinz; Otfrid, Arnold (1995-10-15). "Herrschaft über die Medien". In Modrow, Hans (ed.). Das Große Haus: Insider berichten aus dem ZK der SED (in German). Berlin: edition ost. p. 100. ISBN 978-3-929161-20-5.
- ^ Harnisch, Hanno. "Mit Argus Augen". nd-aktuell.de (in German). Neues Deutschland. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ a b c d Loeser, Franz (1984-08-12). "Der Rat der sozialistischen Götter". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ Wilke, Jürgen (2011-05-23). "Presseanweisungen. Organisation, Themen, Akteure, Sprechakte". pressegeschichte.docupedia.de. Presse in der DDR - Beiträge und Materialien (in German). Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ a b c Leuschner, Udo. "In die eigene Tasche gelogen - zur Rolle der aktuellen Medien in der DDR". www.udo-leuschner.de. Medien-Theorie (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ Knabe, Hubertus (2023-10-21). "Der schwarze Kanal". HUBERTUS KNABE (in German). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
- ^ Quiring, Manfred (2008). Russland: Orientierung im Riesenreich (in German) (1. Aufl ed.). Berlin: Links. p. 9. ISBN 978-3-86153-471-6.
- ^ Hubrich, Dirk (2013). Verleihungsliste zum Ehrentitel "Held der Arbeit" der DDR von 1950 bis 1989 (PDF) (in German). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ordenskunde e. V. p. 35.
- ^ deutschlandfunk.de (2007-11-19). "Macht und Freiheit". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Deutschlandradio. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
Die letzte „Donnerstags-Argu" fand am 19. Oktober 1989 statt, zwei Tage nach der Absetzung Honeckers. Heinz Geggel fand plötzlich, die von ihm 26 Jahre lang am Zügel geführten Medien hätten alles falsch gemacht: „Wir werden den einzelnen Medien nicht mehr dreinreden. Darunter hat besonders das ND (das Neue Deutschland) gelitten. Ich bin aber nicht bereit, eine große Vergangenheitsbewältigung zu machen. Die Chefredakteure sind verantwortlich."
- ^ "Außerordentlicher Kongreß des VDJ in Berlin beendet". Neues Deutschland (in German). Berlin: Berlin State Library. 1990-01-27. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-07-12.