Hydrogen technologies

Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen as a part hydrogen economy. Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses.

Some hydrogen technologies are carbon neutral and could have a role in preventing climate change and a possible future hydrogen economy. Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy.[1] The most common methods for producing hydrogen on an industrial scale are: Steam reforming, oil reforming, coal gasification, water electrolysis.[2]

Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine.[3] There are a wide number of different types of fuel and electrolysis cells.[4]

The potential environmental impact depends primarily on the methods used to generate hydrogen as a fuel.

Fuel cells

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Hydrogen infrastructure

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Hydrogen storage

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Hydrogen vehicles

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Historic hydrogen filled airships

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Hydrogen powered cars

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Hydrogen fueling nozzle

Audi:

BMW:

Chrysler:

Daimler:

Fiat:

Ford:

Forze Hydrogen-Electric Racing Team Delft

General Motors:

Honda:

Hyundai:

Lotus Engineering:

Kia:

Mazda:

Mitsubishi:

Morgan:

Nissan:

Peugeot:

Renault:

Riversimple:

Ronn Motor Company:

Toyota:

Volkswagen:

Hydrogen powered planes

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Possible future aircraft using precooled jet engines include Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2.

Hydrogen powered rockets

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The following rockets were/are partially or completely propelled by hydrogen fuel:

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Environmental

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Nuclear

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Organic chemistry

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Miscellaneous

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Badwal, Sukhvinder P.S.; Giddey, Sarbjit; Munnings, Christopher (2013). "Hydrogen production via solid electrolytic routes". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. 2 (5): 473–487. Bibcode:2013WIREE...2..473B. doi:10.1002/wene.50. S2CID 135539661.
  2. ^ Dincer, Ibrahim; Acar, Canan (2015). "Review and evaluation of hydrogen production methods for better sustainability". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 40 (34): 11096. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.035. ISSN 0360-3199.
  3. ^ "Hydrogen Gas Turbine|Solutions|Power|Energy Transition MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES GROUP".
  4. ^ Badwal, SPS (2014). "Emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies". Frontiers in Chemistry. 2: 79. Bibcode:2014FrCh....2...79B. doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00079. PMC 4174133. PMID 25309898.
  5. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  6. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  7. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  8. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  9. ^ "Ford Motor Company Business Plan", December 2, 2008
  10. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  11. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  12. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  13. ^ First Drive: hydrogen-powered Kia Borrego FCEV and Nissan X-Trail FCV
  14. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  15. ^ Dennis, Lyle. "Nissan Swears Off Hydrogen and Will Only Build Electric Cars", All Cars Electric, February 26, 2009
  16. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  17. ^ Hydrogen Powered Tupolev Tu-155 Archived 2010-11-26 at the Wayback Machine Development of Cryogenic Fuel Aircraft, Tupelov