List of Serbian–Ottoman conflicts

Serbian–Ottoman wars
	Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe
Date	20 June 1459 – 13 July 1878
Location	Balkan Peninsula, Central Europe, and Southeastern Europe
Result	Serbia under Ottoman rule for 4 centuries, ultimately regained its independence in the 19th century
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire; Supported by: Bosnia Eyalet; Sanjak of Novi Pazar; Sanjak of Smederevo; Sanjak of Vidin;	Kingdom of Serbia; Serbian Empire; Moravian Serbia; Serbian Despotate; Revolutionary Serbia; Principality of Serbia; Kingdom of Serbia; Supported by: Habsburg Monarchy; Kingdom of Hungary; Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro; Principality of Montenegro; Kingdom of Montenegro; Russian Empire;
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Sultan; Beylerbey; Sanjak-bey	Kings of Serbia; Serbian Emperor; Serbian Despot; Serbian rebels; King of Hungary; Kings of Montenegro; Metropolitans of Montenegro; Russian Emperor

This is a list of Serbian–Ottoman wars.

Middle Ages

Between 1457 and 1459, the medieval Serbian lands became a buffer zone between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.^[1]^[4]^[5] Serbian resistance against the Ottoman Turks did not end until the siege of Smederevo in 1459.^[1] In 1471, the Serbian Despotate was renewed in exile as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Hungary and continued to exist until the mid-16th century.^[1]^[4]^[5] Up until its demise in 1540, it spent its entirety fighting against the Ottoman Empire.^[1]^[4]^[5] The Serbian Despotate provided support and auxiliary troops to the Kingdom of Hungary.^[4]^[5]

Ottoman expansion in Europe ended with their defeat in the Great Turkish War in 1699.^[6] The Treaty of Karlowitz forced them to surrender the region of Hungary under Ottoman control and portions of present-day Croatia, Romania, Slovakia, and Serbia to the Habsburg Empire, which pushed the Great Migrations of the Serbs to the southern regions of the Kingdom of Hungary (though as far in the north as the town of Szentendre, in which they formed the majority of the population in the 18th century, but to smaller extent also in the town of Komárom) and Habsburg-ruled Croatia.^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Djokić, Dejan (2023). "Chapter 2: Empire (c. 1170–1459)". A Concise History of Serbia. Cambridge Concise Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–139. doi:10.1017/9781139236140.003. ISBN 9781139236140.
^ ^a ^b Djokić, Dejan (2023). "Chapter 5: Independence (1860–1914)". A Concise History of Serbia. Cambridge Concise Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 275–331. doi:10.1017/9781139236140.006. ISBN 9781139236140.
^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2021).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ivanović, Miloš (2019). "Militarization of the Serbian State under Ottoman Pressure". The Hungarian Historical Review. 8 (2: Moving Borders in Medieval Central Europe). Budapest: Institute of History, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences: 390–410. ISSN 2063-9961. JSTOR 26902328.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ivanović, Miloš (2018). "The Nobility of the Despotate of Serbia between Ottoman Empire and Hungary (1457–1459)". In Jovanović, Kosana; Suzana, Miljan (eds.). Secular Power and Sacral Authority in Medieval East-Central Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 167–178. doi:10.1515/9789048531325-015. ISBN 9789048531325.
^ ^a ^b Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). "Shifting Serbias — Kings, Tsars, Despots and Patriarchs: from the beginning to the eighteenth century". Serbia: The History Behind the Name. Bloomsbury: C. Hurst & Co. pp. 14–20. ISBN 1850654778.