List of mammals of Nepal

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This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[edit]

Gaur
Four-horned antelope
Bharal

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[edit]

Asian golden cat
Leopard cat
Tiger
Himalayan wolf in Annapurna Conservation Area
Golden jackal
Asian black bear

There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[edit]

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[edit]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[edit]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[edit]

Indian rhinoceros

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Primates[edit]

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[edit]

Asian elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[edit]

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[edit]

Asian house shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[edit]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Locally extinct[edit]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  39. ^ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
  40. ^ Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
  41. ^ Mudappa, D. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41617A45208195.
  42. ^ Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D. & Willcox, D. H. A. (2015). "Herpestes urva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41618A86159618.
  43. ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  44. ^ Glatston, A.; Wei, F.; Than Zaw & Sherpa, A. (2015). "Ailurus fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T714A110023718.
  45. ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
  46. ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  47. ^ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
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  51. ^ Dharaiya, N.; Bargali, H. S.; Sharp, T. (2020). "Melursus ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13143A166519315.
  52. ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  53. ^ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
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  55. ^ de Silva, P.; Khan, W.A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M.; Al-Sheikhly, O.F. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12427A21934884.
  56. ^ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41649A45212973.
  57. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
  58. ^ Abramov, A. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41653A45213647.
  59. ^ Willcox, D.H.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Abramov, A.V.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Chan, B.; Lau, M. & Roberton, S. (2016). "Mustela kathiah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41655A45214014.
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  61. ^ Smith, B.D.; Braulik, G.T.; Sinha, R. (2012). "Platanista gangetica ssp. gangetica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T41756A17627639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41756A17627639.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  62. ^ Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Cynopterus brachyotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6103A22113381.
  63. ^ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P. & Francis, C. (2008). "Pteropus giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18725A8511108.
  64. ^ Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G. & Francis, C. (2008). "Sphaerias blanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T20521A9210732.
  65. ^ Douangboubpha, B.; Srinivasulu, B. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros cineraceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10119A22093106.
  66. ^ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  67. ^ Huang, J.C.-C.; Csorba, G.; Chang, H.-C & Ho, Y.-Y. (2020). "Myotis formosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85736120A95642290.
  68. ^ Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Walston, J.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. & Kruskop, S.V. (2019). "Arielulus circumdatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41534A22005596.
  69. ^ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P. (2016). "Eptesicus tatei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T7942A22119447.
  70. ^ Jiang, T.L. & Feng, J. (2020). "Ia io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10755A21993508.
  71. ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
  72. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  73. ^ Srinivasulu, B.; Csorba, G. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus lepidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19547A21977419.
  74. ^ Tu, V.; Csorba, G. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19550A21978583.
  75. ^ Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. (2019). "Caprolagus hispidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3833A45176688.
  76. ^ Nameer, P.O. & Smith, A.T. (2019). "Lepus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41282A45188041.
  77. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus oiostolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41283A45188432.
  78. ^ Shah, N.; St. Louis, A. & Qureshi, Q. (2015). "Equus kiang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T7953A45171635.
  79. ^ Talukdar, B. K.; Emslie, R.; Bist, S. S.; Choudhury, A.; Ellis, S.; Bonal, B. S.; Malakar, M. C.; Talukdar, B. N.; Barua, M. (2008). "Rhinoceros unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T19496A8928657.
  80. ^ Boonratana, R.; Chalise, M.; Das, J.; Htun, S. & Timmins, R. J. (2008). "Macaca assamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12549A3354977.
  81. ^ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A.; Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12554A3356486.
  82. ^ Molur, S. & Chhangani, A. (2008). "Semnopithecus hector". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39837A10274974.
  83. ^ Kumar, A.; Yongzu, Z. & Molur, S. (2008). "Semnopithecus schistaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39840A10275563.
  84. ^ Williams, C.; Tiwari, S.K.; Goswami, V.R.; de Silva, S.; Easa, P.S.; Kumar, A.; Baskaran, N.; Yoganand, K. & Menon, V. (2020). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7140A45818198.
  85. ^ Lunde, D.; Aplin, K. & Molur, S. (2016). "Hystrix brachyura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10749A11509929.
  86. ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
  87. ^ Duckworth, J. W. (2016). "Callosciurus pygerythrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3604A22253451.
  88. ^ Shrestha, T. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Marmota himalayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12826A115106426.
  89. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2016). "Rattus pyctoris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19370A115150159.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  90. ^ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
  91. ^ Mahmood, T.; Challender, D.; Khatiwada, A.; Andleeb, S.; Perera, P.; Trageser, S.; Ghose, A. & Mohapatra, R. (2019). "Manis crassicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12761A123583998.
  92. ^ Challender, D.; Wu, S.; Kaspal, P.; Khatiwada, A.; Ghose, A.; Ching-Min Su, N. & Laxmi Suwal, T. (2019). "Manis pentadactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12764A123585318.
  93. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Pantholops hodgsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15967A50192544. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15967A50192544.en.
  94. ^ Meijaard, E.; Narayan, G. & Deka, P. (2019). "Porcula salvania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21172A44139115.

External links[edit]

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