List of metro systems
This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, undergrounds, tubes or U-Bahn. As of 6 March 2024,[update] 201 cities in 62 countries have a metro system.
The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[1] making it the world's oldest metro system.[2] The Beijing Subway is the world's longest metro network at 815.2 kilometres (507 mi) and the Shanghai Metro has the highest annual ridership at 2.83 billion trips.[3] The New York City Subway has the greatest number of stations. As of 2024,[update] the country with the most metro systems is China, with 54 in operation (excluding Hong Kong and Macau).
Considerations
[edit]The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[4][5] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[6][7][8] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[6][7]
The dividing line between the metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail[6][7] and commuter rail,[6][7] is not always clear. The UITP only makes distinctions between "metros" and "light rail",[4] the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) distinguish all three modes.[6][7] A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic.
In contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use "metro" as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded "light rail" that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data.
Certain transit networks may match the service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.
This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data in this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's urban rail transit systems, or to establish a ranking.
Legend
[edit]- City
- Primary city served by the metro system.
- Country
- Sovereign state in which the metro system is located.
- Name
- The most common English name of the metro system (including a link to the article for that system).
- Year opened
- The year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (most notably electrification) is the one listed.
- Year of last expansion
- The last time the system length or number of stations in the metro system was expanded.
- Stations
- The number of stations in the metro network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
- System length
- The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers or miles. Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.
- Ridership
- The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not. Numbers may also be counted via different methods – faregates/turnstiles or light barriers at entrances or vehicle doors being the most common but far from the only ones.
List
[edit]
- Table notes
List by country/region
[edit]Recent ridership figures, particularly for 2020, will have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Country/region | Systems | Length | Lines | Stations | Annual ridership / km (millions) | Inauguration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (mainland) | 54 | 10,273.7 km (6,383.8 mi) | 281 | 5,384 | 2.10 (2020)[R Nb 29] | 1971 |
United States | 16 | 1,389.4 km (863.3 mi) | 71 | 1,000 | 1.66 (2022) | 1892 |
India | 17 | 967.84 km (601.39 mi) | 38 | 715 | 3.70 (2021)[R Nb 30] | 1984[433] |
Japan | 15 | 816.1 km (507.1 mi) | 47 | 774 | 8.19 (2019) | 1927 |
South Korea | 6 | 753.93 km (468.47 mi) | 35 | 683 | 3.87 (2019) | 1974 |
Russia | 7 | 663.7 km (412.4 mi) | 29 | 426 | 4.62 (2022) | 1935 |
Spain | 3 | 467.3 km (290.4 mi) | 23 | 539 | 1.43 (2019) | 1919 |
United Kingdom | 3 | 446.4 km (277.4 mi) | 19 | 332 | 2.11 (2022) | 1863 |
France | 6 | 398.3 km (247.5 mi) | 28 | 516 | 3.70 (2019–20) | 1900 |
Turkey | 5 | 391.2 km (243.1 mi) | 18 | 280 | 1.94 (2019–20)[R Nb 31] | 1989 |
Germany | 4 | 386.8 km (240.3 mi) | 24 | 413 | 3.59 (2019) | 1902 |
Brazil | 8 | 374.3 km (232.6 mi) | 20 | 266 | 3.45 (2018–20) | 1974 |
Iran | 6 | 338.5 km (210.3 mi) | 17 | 262 | 4.08 (2018)[R Nb 32] | 1999 |
Mexico | 3 | 287.5 km (178.6 mi) | 18 | 283 | 4.37 (2020)[R Nb 33] | 1969 |
Taiwan | 5 | 258.7 km (160.7 mi) | 11 | 231 | 3.26 (2019–20)[R Nb 34] | 1996 |
Italy | 7 | 244.9 km (152.2 mi) | 15 | 288 | 3.73 (2018–19) | 1955 |
Canada | 4 | 243.3 km (151.2 mi) | 12 | 201 | 2.64 (2022) | 1954 |
Singapore | 1 | 241 km (150 mi) | 6 | 141 | 3.41 (2020) | 1987 |
Malaysia | 1 | 210.4 km (130.7 mi) | 6 | 149 | 1.60 (2023) | 1996 |
Thailand | 2 | 205.95 km (127.97 mi) | 7 | 171 | 2.11 (2023) | 1999 |
Chile | 1 | 149 km (93 mi) | 7 | 143 | 1.88 (2020) | 1975 |
Netherlands | 2 | 143.5 km (89.2 mi) | 10 | 109 | 1.48 (2019) | 1968 |
Ukraine | 3 | 114.2 km (71.0 mi) | 7 | 88 | 6.43 (2022) | 1960 |
Sweden | 1 | 108 km (67 mi) | 7 | 100 | 3.10 (2018) | 1950 |
Egypt | 1 | 106.8 km (66.4 mi) | 3 | 84 | 7.45 (2020) | 1987 |
Greece | 1 | 91.7 km (57.0 mi) | 3 | 72 | 2.92 (2018) | 1869 |
United Arab Emirates | 1 | 89.5 km (55.6 mi) | 3 | 53 | 1.26 (2020) | 2009 |
Indonesia | 4 | 89.4 km (55.6 mi) | 5 | 50 | 0.63 (2020) | 2018 |
Norway | 1 | 85 km (53 mi) | 5 | 101 | 0.87 (2020) | 1966 |
Austria | 2 | 83.3 km (51.8 mi) | 5 | 109 | 5.51 (2019) | 1978 |
Romania | 1 | 80.1 km (49.8 mi) | 5 | 64 | 1.6 (2023) | 1979 |
Qatar | 1 | 76 km (47 mi) | 3 | 37 | n/a | 2019 |
Venezuela | 1 | 67.2 km (41.8 mi) | 5 | 49 | 5.32 (2017) | 1983 |
Uzbekistan | 1 | 66.5 km (41.3 mi) | 4 | 43 | 2.32 (2022) | 1977 |
Czech Republic | 1 | 65.4 km (40.6 mi) | 3 | 61 | 3.85 (2020) | 1974 |
Argentina | 1 | 56.7 km (35.2 mi) | 7 | 104 | 1.31 (2020) | 1913 |
Philippines | 2 | 54.1 km (33.6 mi) | 3 | 46 | 5.82 (2019) | 1984 |
Australia | 1 | 52 km (32 mi) | 1 | 21 | 0.35 (2020) | 2019 |
Bulgaria | 1 | 52 km (32 mi) | 4 | 47 | 1.79 (2018) | 1998 |
Portugal | 1 | 44.2 km (27.5 mi) | 4 | 56 | 1.93 (2020) | 1959 |
Finland | 1 | 43 km (27 mi) | 2 | 30 | 1.84 (2023) | 1982 |
Poland | 1 | 41.2 km (25.6 mi) | 2 | 34 | 5.50 (2019) | 1995 |
Belarus | 1 | 40.8 km (25.4 mi) | 3 | 33 | 5.54 (2022) | 1984 |
Azerbaijan | 1 | 40.7 km (25.3 mi) | 3 | 27 | 4.98 (2022) | 1967 |
Nigeria | 1 | 40 km (25 mi) | 2 | 13 | n/a | 2023 |
Belgium | 1 | 39.9 km (24.8 mi) | 4 | 59 | 2.19 (2020) | 1976 |
Hungary | 1 | 39.4 km (24.5 mi) | 4 | 48 | 9.71 (2023) | 1896 |
Peru | 1 | 39.4 km (24.5 mi) | 2 | 31 | 3.19 (2018) | 2011 |
Denmark | 1 | 38.2 km (23.7 mi) | 4 | 39 | 1.66 (2020) | 2002 |
Panama | 1 | 37.8 km (23.5 mi) | 2 | 29 | 1.38 (2020) | 2014 |
Colombia | 1 | 31.3 km (19.4 mi) | 2 | 27 | 7.16 (2023) | 1995 |
Dominican Republic | 1 | 31 km (19 mi) | 2 | 34 | 1.60 (2020) | 2009 |
Georgia | 1 | 27.3 km (17.0 mi) | 2 | 23 | 2.74 (2022) | 1966 |
Pakistan | 1 | 27.1 km (16.8 mi) | 1 | 26 | 0.74 (2020–2021) | 2020 |
Ecuador | 1 | 22.6 km (14.0 mi) | 1 | 15 | n/a | 2023 |
North Korea | 1 | 22 km (14 mi) | 2 | 16 | 1.63 (2009) | 1973 |
Vietnam | 1 | 21.6 km (13.4 mi) | 2 | 20 | 0.82 (2023) | 2021 |
Bangladesh | 1 | 20.1 km (12.5 mi) | 1 | 16 | n/a | 2022 |
Algeria | 1 | 18.5 km (11.5 mi) | 1 | 19 | 2.40 (2019) | 2011 |
Kazakhstan | 1 | 13.4 km (8.3 mi) | 1 | 11 | 1.27 (2022) | 2011 |
Armenia | 1 | 12.1 km (7.5 mi) | 1 | 10 | 1.93 (2022) | 1981 |
Switzerland | 1 | 5.9 km (3.7 mi) | 1[R Nb 35] | 14 | 5.55 (2019) | 2008 |
Under construction
[edit]The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under construction. In some cases it is not clear if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service. Only metro systems under construction are listed where there are no metro systems currently in operation in the same city.
The countries of Ivory Coast, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia and Serbia are currently constructing their first ever metro systems.
City | Country | Name | Construction started | Projected opening | Lines | Stations | Length by first opening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melbourne | Australia | Metro Tunnel (including Sunbury-Dandenong Line Corridor) | 2017 | 2025 | 1 | 5 | 9 km (5.6 mi) |
Suburban Rail Loop | 2022 | 2035 | 1 | 6 | 26 km (16 mi) | ||
Bengbu | China | Bengbu Rail Transit | 2019 | 2025 | 1 | 24 | 32.7 km (20.3 mi) |
Liuzhou | China | Liuzhou Rail Transit | 2016 | 2024 | 4 | 97 | 150 km (93 mi) |
Shantou | China | Shantou Metro | 2016 | 2025 | 3 | 45 | 76.9 km (47.8 mi) |
Bogotá | Colombia | Bogotá Metro | 2020[434] | 2028 | 1 | 16 | 24 km (15 mi) |
Thessaloniki | Greece | Thessaloniki Metro | 2006[435] | 2024[436] | 2 | 18 | 14.3 km (8.9 mi) |
Bhopal | India | Bhopal Metro | 2018 | 2024[437] | 2 | 29 | 27.9 km (17.3 mi) |
Bhubaneswar | India | Bhubaneswar Metro | 2024[438] | 2028[439] | 1 | 20 | 26 km (16 mi) |
Indore | India | Indore Metro | 2018 | 2024[440] | 1 | 29 | 33.5 km (20.8 mi) |
Meerut | India | Meerut Metro | 2019[441] | 2025 | 1 | 13 | 23.6 km |
Patna | India | Patna Metro | 2020 | 2027 | 2 | 26 | 32.9 km (20.5 mi) |
Surat | India | Surat Metro | 2021 | 2027 | 2 | 38 | 40.3 km (25 mi) |
Denpasar[442] | Indonesia | Bali Mass Rapid Transit | 2024 | 2028[443] | 2 | Unknown | 29.5 km (18.3 mi) |
Ahvaz | Iran | Ahvaz Metro | 2004 | 2024[444] | 1 | 24 | 23 km (14.3 mi) |
Qom[445] | Iran | Qom Urban Railway | 2009 | 2024[446] | 1 | 14 | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
Abidjan | Ivory Coast | Abidjan Metro | 2017 | 2028[447] | 1 | 18 | 37.5 km (23.3 mi) |
Johor Bahru Woodlands | Malaysia Singapore | Rapid Transit System Link | 2020[448] | 2026 | 1 | 2 | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
George Town Seberang Perai | Malaysia | Penang Light Rapid Transit | 2024[449][450] | 2030 | 1 | 20 | 29 km (18 mi) |
Ulaanbaatar | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar Metro | 2025 | 2028 | 1 | 14 | 17.7 km (11.0 mi) |
Cluj-Napoca | Romania | Cluj-Napoca Metro | 2023 | 2026 | 1 | 9 | 9.2 km (5.7 mi) |
Krasnoyarsk | Russia | Krasnoyarsk Metro | 1995 | 2026 [451] | 1 | 9 | 10.6 km (6.6 mi) |
Chelyabinsk | Russia | Chelyabinsk Metro | 1992 | 2026 | 1 | 4 | 5.7 km (3.5 mi) |
Astana | Kazakhstan | Astana Metro | 1988 | 2024 | 1 | 18 | 21.5 km (13.4 mi) |
Jeddah | Saudi Arabia | Jeddah Metro | 2014 [citation needed] | 2025 | 3 | 46 | 108 km (67 mi) |
Riyadh[452] | Saudi Arabia | Riyadh Metro | 2014[452] | 2024[453] | 6 | 84 | 176 km (109 mi) |
Belgrade | Serbia | Belgrade Metro | 2021[454] | 2028[455] | 2 | 43 | 40.5 km (25.2 mi) |
New Taipei | Taiwan | New Taipei Metro | 2016 | 2025 | 1 | 12 | 14.3 km (8.9 mi) |
Gebze | Turkey | Gebze Metro | 2018 | 2024 | 1 | 12 | 15.4 km (9.6 mi) |
Konya | Turkey | Konya Metro | 2020[456] | 2025[457] | 1 | 22 | 21.1 km (13.1 mi) |
Mersin | Turkey | Mersin Metro | 2022[458] | 2026 | 1 | 11 | 13.4 km (8.3 mi) |
Ho Chi Minh City[459][460] | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City Metro | 2012[459] | 2024[461] | 1 | 14 | 19.7 km (12.2 mi) |
See also
[edit]- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
- List of airport people mover systems
- List of bus rapid transit systems
- List of semi-automatic train systems
- List of funicular railways
- List of monorail systems
- Medium-capacity rail system
- List of premetro systems
- List of rapid transit systems by track gauge
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
- List of town tramway systems
- List of trolleybus systems
- Regional rail
By region
[edit]Notes
[edit]System notes
[edit]- ^ Line A opened in stages between 1913 and 1914 by the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company. Line A services continued as above-ground tram services through an access ramp at Primera Junta Station. Subway-surface services into Line A ceased in 1926, with the line and its rolling stock transitioned into pure rapid transit operation by 1927.[12][13]
- ^ The number is 78 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 90 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
- ^ Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
- ^ Line 2's loop was completed in 2009.
- ^ Not including stations of premetro Lines T3, T4, and T7.
- ^ Includes Line 1,2,5 and 6, Line 3,4 and 7 are premetro lines.
- ^ Includes Metrofor's rapid transit line only: Linha Sul (South Line).
- ^ Includes Metrorec's rapid transit lines only: Linha Centro (Center Line) and Linha Sul (South Line).
- ^ Does not include São Paulo Metropolitan Trains system.
- ^ The Beijing Subway's first line began trial operations on 1 October 1969. It opened to revenue service under trial operations on 15 January 1971. Initially, only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets, but this restriction was removed on 27 December 1972. The subway line passed its final inspections and ended trial operations on 15 September 1981. During the trial operations period, annual ridership rose from 8.28 million in 1971 to 55.2 million in 1980. See the history section of the Beijing Subway for details and references.
- ^ The number of stations is 381 if the 80 (71 2-line, 9 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 470 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Both counts exclude the 20 stations of the Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines.[68]
- ^ Length excludes the Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines, which combined are 20.7 km long.
- ^ Ridership data includes that of Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines.
- ^ Opening of metro Line 1 and not light rail Line 3, which opened in 2002.
- ^ Stations served by Line 3 not counted as Line 3 is a light rail line with at grade crossings.
- ^ Line 3 not included due to being a light rail line with road crossings.
- ^ There are 291 stations if the 51 (46 2-line, 5 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 347 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Excludes light rail line T2.
- ^ There are 256 stations if the 42 (36 2-line, 6 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 304 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
- ^ a b c d e First line of Foshan Metro, the Guangfo Line, serves two cities – Foshan and Guangzhou. The Guangfo Line is operated by Guangzhou Metro and as such is included in Guangzhou's tally.
- ^ The 9 station, 4.0-km long APM line is not included here, because it is a people mover.
- ^ There are 265 stations if the 43 (40 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 311 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
- ^ The 9 station, 4.0-km long APM line is not included here, because it is a people mover. The entire Guangfo Line is included.
- ^ There are 254 stations if the 44 (40 2-line, 4 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 302 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
- ^ The first MTR route to offer metro service was the Modified Initial System in 1979, which consists of portions of the later Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line. Though the eventual East Rail Line opened as a conventional railway in 1910, it did not offer metro service until at least in 1982 when it was electrified.
- ^ As of December 2021,[update] the number of stations is 500 if the 82 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) (69 2-line, 11 3-line, and 2 4-line) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while there are 403 stations if they are combined; shared tracks/platforms on Lines 3 and 4 are anyway counted as a single stations (nine in all between Hongqiao Road and Baoshan Road).[118]
- ^ This figure excludes Pujiang line, Maglev line and Jinshan Railway, all of which often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
- ^ Ridership excludes Pujiang line, Maglev line and Jinshan Railway.
- ^ As of 28 December 2022, there are 373 stations if the 56 interchange stations (48 2-line, 6 3-line, 2 4-line) (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, while there are 307 stations if they are counted as one station.
- ^ There are 262 stations if the 35 (32 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 300 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
- ^ Includes Xihu line
- ^ Extension of Line A from Itagüí south to La Estrella.
- ^ Line A was extended in April 2015.
- ^ a b Counting interchange stations only once.
- ^ Opening of the Länsimetro extension on 3 December 2022.
- ^ Opening of Toulouse Metro Line B.
- ^ Opening of State University Station on Saburtalo Line.
- ^ The U3 extension from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum (OEZ) to Moosach.
- ^ The Blue Line (Line 3) also has a 20.7 km (12.9 mi) section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.[186][187]
- ^ The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[186]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Fiscal year not calendar year
- ^ The network consists of 256 stations if transfer stations are counted more than once. If transfer stations are counted only once, the result will be 231 stations. Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Green Line share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted. If they were counted, then there would be 288 total stations.[209][210]
- ^ The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be 392.448 km (243.856 mi).
- ^ Adelabad station opened
- ^ a b Opening of metro-standards Line 2.
- ^ Opening of RajaeeiShahr station.
- ^ a b The 43 km (27 mi) Line 1 of Karaj Metro (part of line 5 of Tehran metro) is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here. If Line 1 is included, there would be 10 stations.
- ^ a b There are 131 stations if interchange stations are counted once, and 146 stations if they are counted multiple times. The 67.5 km (41.9 mi) Line 5 of the Tehran Metro is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here – only metro Lines 1–4 and 6–7 are. If Line 5 is included, the total length of the system would be 292.1 km (181.5 mi), and there would be 142 unique stations, and 159 total stations.
- ^ As of July 2023,[update] the number is 121 if the 8 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 113 if they are combined.[267][268]
- ^ Lines 1, 6, and Naples-Aversa railway only, not line 2, which is commuter rail.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
- ^ As of October 2018,[update] the number is 106 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 99 if they are combined; Higashi-nihombashi station and Bakuro-yokoyama station, where an out-of-system transfer between Asakusa Line and Shinjuku Line is possible, are anyway counted as two stations.