List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II

The Queen wearing her royal family orders and insignia of the Order of the Garter
The Queen wearing the insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of New Zealand, the New Zealand Order of Merit, and the Queen's Service Order
The Queen wearing the insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of Australia
The Queen wearing the Grand Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, the highest Mexican order awarded to foreign heads of state
The Queen wearing the insignia of the Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
The Queen wearing the star and collar of the Order of the Southern Cross, the highest Brazilian order awarded to foreign heads of state
Queen Elizabeth II wearing orders and decorations of different countries

Elizabeth II (21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms. Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation.

Royal titles and styles[edit]

Styles of
Queen Elizabeth II
Reference styleHer Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty
  • 21 April 1926 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York[1]
  • 11 December 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
  • 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh[2][3]
  • 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Majesty The Queen

Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she was asked by her Private Secretary what her regnal name would be, to which she responded, "My own, of course—what else?"[4] Until 1953, her official style was by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith.[5] She was proclaimed as queen using that title in Canada and South Africa,[6][7] whereas, in Australia,[8] New Zealand, and the United Kingdom,[9] she was proclaimed as Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.

A decision was reached by Elizabeth's prime ministers at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference of 1952, whereby the Queen would accord herself different styles and titles in each of her realms, reflecting that in each state she acted as monarch of that particular country,[10] regardless of her other roles. Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.[11] However, as Australia wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles,[12] the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, separate reference to the other Commonwealth realms. Thereafter, separate but parallel royal styles and titles acts were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, granting Elizabeth a distinct but similarly constituted title in each state,[10] meaning that when Elizabeth was crowned in the same year, she held seven separate titles.

With further evolution of the Commonwealth since that time, Elizabeth held at the time of her death 15 different regnal titles, one for each of the current Commonwealth realms. In all realms other than Canada and Grenada, the reference to the United Kingdom has been removed; Australia doing so in 1973,[13] in contrast to the Australian government's position 20 years earlier. Traditionally, the Queen's titles are listed in the order in which the realms other than the United Kingdom (the original realm) first became Dominions—namely, Canada (1867), Australia (1901), and New Zealand (1907)—followed by the rest in the order in which the former colony became an independent realm: Jamaica (1962), The Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Papua New Guinea (1975), the Solomon Islands (1978), Tuvalu (1978), Saint Lucia (1979), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979), Belize (1981), Antigua and Barbuda (1981) and Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983).

Owing to her status, Elizabeth II was usually just known as "The Queen" across the world.[14][15][16][17]

The Queen's British styles and titles were read out at her funeral by David White, Garter Principal King of Arms, as follows:

Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life unto His Divine Mercy the late Most High, Most Mighty, and Most Excellent Monarch, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, and Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.[18]

The Queen's New Zealand styles and titles were read out at the State Memorial Service at the Wellington Cathedral on 26 September by Phillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary, as follows:

The Royal style and titles of Her Late Majesty, for use in relation to New Zealand and all other territories for whose foreign relations

Her Government in New Zealand is responsible, were—

Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.

Sovereign of The Order of New Zealand, Sovereign of The New Zealand Order of Merit, and Sovereign of The Queen's Service Order.

Now, it is upon His Majesty King Charles III, King of New Zealand, that these styles, titles and honours have devolved.

God save the King![19]

Dispute in Scotland[edit]

Though the situation was the same in every one of the Queen's realms beyond the United Kingdom, only within Scotland did the title Elizabeth II cause controversy as there had never been an Elizabeth I in Scotland. In an act of sabotage, new Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, bearing the royal cypher EIIR, were vandalised, after which, to avoid further problems, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland bore only the Crown of Scotland. A legal case, MacCormick v. Lord Advocate (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself Elizabeth II within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of the Act of Union. The case, however, was lost on the grounds that the pursuers had not title to sue the Crown and the numbering of monarchs was part of the royal prerogative, and thus not governed by the Act of Union. Winston Churchill suggested that future British monarchs should be numbered according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.[20]

At the opening ceremony of the devolved Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh in 1999, attended by the Queen, the Presiding Officer Lord Steel said at the close of his opening address: "It is good that today, once again, we the elected representatives of the people are able to welcome your majesty, not only as Queen of the United Kingdom, but seated as you are among us, to greet you in the historic and constitutionally correct manner, with warmth and affection, as Queen of Scots."[21] In 2002 Winnie Ewing, then president of the Scottish National Party, wrote to the Queen asking her to adopt the title Elizabeth I in Scotland.[22]

Other realms adopted the style "Queen Elizabeth II" despite never having been ruled by Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Regnal titles[edit]

Country Date Title
 Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981
 –
11 February 1982
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][24]
11 February 1982
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[25][26][24]
 The Bahamas
10 July 1973
 –
27 December 1973
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][27]
27 December 1973
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[28][27][29]
 Belize
21 September 1981
 –
1981
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][30]
1981 – 8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Belize and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[31][30]
 Canada
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[32][33]

In French: Elizabeth Deux, par la Grâce de Dieu, Reine de Grande-Bretagne, d'Irlande et des Territoires britanniques au delà des mers, Défenseur de la Foi[33]

29 May 1953
 –
8 September 2022
 In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[34][33][a][32]

In French: Elizabeth Deux, par la grâce de Dieu Reine du Royaume-Uni, du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du Commonwealth, Défenseur de la Foi[33][36]{{In some older documents in French, Elizabeth's name is spelled Élisabeth or Elisabeth.}}[32]

 Grenada
7 February 1974
 –
1974
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][37]
1974 – 8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[38][37]
 Jamaica
6 August 1962
 –
31 August 1962
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][39]
31 August 1962
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of Jamaica and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth[40][39]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983
 –
1983
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][41]
1983 – 8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of Saint Christopher and Nevis Queen, Head of the Commonwealth[42][43][41]
 Saint Lucia
22 February 1979
 –
1979
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][44]
1979 – 8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[45][44]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979
 –
1979
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][46]
1979 – 8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[47][46]
 United Kingdom
6 February 1952
 –
28 May 1953
 In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[48][49]

In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor[50][51]

29 May 1953
 –
8 September 2022
 In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][5][49]

In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor[50]

In Welsh: Elizabeth yr Ail, trwy Ras Duw, o Deyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon a'i Theyrnasoedd a'i Thiriogaethau eraill, Brenhines, Pennaeth y Gymanwlad, Amddiffynnydd y Ffydd[52]

 Australia
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[48][53]
29 May 1953
 –
19 October 1973
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Australia and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[b][55][53][56]
19 October 1973
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[57][53][58]
New Zealand New Zealand
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[48][59]
29 May 1953
 –
6 February 1974
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[59][60]
6 February 1974
 –
8 September 2022
 In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[61][62]

In Māori: Irihāpeti Te Tuarua, nā te huatau o te Atua, te Kuini o Aotearoa me ērā atu o Ōna Whaitua, Rohe hoki, te Upoko o te Kāhui Whenua, te Kaiwawao o te Whakapono[62]

 Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Papua New Guinea and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[63][64][65]
 Solomon Islands
7 July 1978
 –
1 November 2013
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][66]
1 November 2013
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Solomon Islands and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[66][67]
 Tuvalu
1 October 1978
 –
12 May 1987
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][68][69]
12 May 1987
 –
8 September 2022
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Tuvalu and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[70][68][71]
 Ghana
6 March 1957
 –
27 July 1957
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][72]
27 July 1957
 –
30 June 1960
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ghana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[73][72]
 Nigeria
1 October 1960
 –
1 June 1961
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][74][75]
1 June 1961
 –
1 October 1963
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Nigeria and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[74][76][77][75]
 Sierra Leone
27 April 1961
 –
16 November 1961
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][78]
16 November 1961
 –
19 April 1971
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Sierra Leone and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[79][78][80]
Tanganyika (1961–1964) Tanganyika[c]
9 December 1961
 –
12 January 1962
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][81]
12 January 1962
 –
9 December 1962
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Tanganyika and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[81][82][83]
 Uganda
9 October 1962
 –
2 November 1962
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][84]
2 November 1962
 –
9 October 1963
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Uganda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[84][85][86]
 Kenya
12 December 1963
 –
21 April 1964
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][87]
21 April 1964
 –
12 December 1964
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Kenya and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[87][88][89]
 Malawi
6 July 1964
 –
1964
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][90]
1964
 –
6 July 1966
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Malawi and of Her other Reals and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[90][91]
 Mauritius
12 March 1968
 –
25 April 1968
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][92]
25 April 1968
 –
12 March 1992
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Mauritius and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[93][92][94]
 South Africa
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[51][95]

In Afrikaans: Elizabeth II, Deur Gods Genade, van Groot-Brittanje, Ierland en die Britse Oorsese Geweste Koningin, Verdediger van die Geloof[95]

In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor[51]

29 May 1953
 –
31 May 1961
 In English: Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[51][95]

In Afrikaans: Elizabeth II, Koningin van Suid-Afrika en van Haar ander Koninkryke en Gebiede, Hoof van die Statebond[51][95]

In Latin: Elizabeth II, Africae Australis regnorumque suo rum ceterorum Regina, consortionis populorum Princeps[51]

 The Gambia
18 February 1965
 –
18 June 1965
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][96]
18 June 1965
 –
24 April 1970
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of The Gambia and all Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[96][97][91]
 Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962
 –
2 November 1962
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][98]
2 November 1962
 –
1 August 1976
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[98][99][100]
 Guyana
26 May 1966
 –
18 June 1966
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][101]
18 June 1966
 –
23 February 1970
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Guyana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[101][102][100]
 Barbados
30 November 1966
 –
4 May 1967
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][103]
4 May 1967
 –
30 November 2021
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Barbados and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[104][103][105]
 Pakistan
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[48][106]
29 May 1953
 –
23 March 1956
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[107][106]
 Ceylon[d]
6 February 1952
 –
29 May 1953
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith[48][108]
29 May 1953
 –
22 May 1972
 Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ceylon and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[109][108]
 Malta
21 September 1964
 –
18 January 1965
 In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][110]

In Maltese: Eliżabetta II, Għall-Grazzja t'Alla tar-Renju Unit tal-Britannja l-Kbira u ta' l-Irlanda ta' Fuq u tar-Renji u t-Territorji l-Oħra Tagħha, Reġina, Kap tal-Commonwealth u Difenditriċi tal-Fidi[110]

18 January 1965
 –
13 December 1974
 In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Malta and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[110][111][100]

In Maltese: Eliżabetta II, Għall-Grazzja t'Alla, Reġina ta' Malta u tar-Renji u t-Territorji l-Oħra Tagħha, Kap tal-Commonwealth[110][112]

 Fiji
10 October 1970
 –
27 November 1970
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[23][113]
27 November 1970
 –
6 October 1987
 Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Fiji and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[93][113]

Other[edit]

Region Date Title Ref
Scotland Braemar, Scotland
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Chieftain of the Braemar Gathering [114][115]
Duchy of Lancaster
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Duke of Lancaster [116][117]
 England
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Seigneur of the Swans [118][119][120]
 Fiji
1961 – 14 March 2012
 In Fijian: Ilisapeci – Na Radi ni Viti kei Peritania

In English: Elizabeth – Queen of Fiji and Great Britain

[121]
1998 – 14 March 2012
 In Fijian: Tui Viti or Vunivalu

In English: Queen or paramount chief of Fiji

[122]
 Gibraltar
6 May 2010 – 8 September 2022
 Queen of Gibraltar [123][e]
 Guernsey
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Duke of Normandy [125]
 Isle of Man
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Lord of Mann [125]
 Jersey
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
 Duke of Normandy [125]
 Nebraska, United States
? – 8 September 2022
 Admiral in the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska [126]
 Rhodesia
11 November 1965 – 2 March 1970
 Queen of Rhodesia [f][127]
 Scotland
1 July 1999 – 8 September 2022
 Queen of Scots [128][129][130]
 Wales
6 August 1946 – 2019
 Bard Elizabeth O Windsor [131][132][133]

Other titles[edit]

Region Title Ref
 British Columbia, Canada Mother of All People [134]
 Hong Kong 事頭婆[g] (Cantonese: "Boss Lady") [135]
 Jamaica Missis Queen (In Jamaican Patois) [136][137]
The Queen Lady (In Jamaican Patois) [136][137]
 New Zealand Te Kotuku Rerengatahi (Māori: Rare White Heron of Single Flight) [138][139]
 Papua New Guinea Missis Kwin (Tok Pisin: Mrs Queen) [140][141]
Mama belong big family (In Tok Pisin) [142][140]
 Rhodesia and Nyasaland[h] Great White Mother of Africa [143][144]
 Russia Baba Liza (баба Лиза) (In English: Granny Liz) [145]
 Sierra Leone Mama Queen II [146]
Namuga village, Star Harbour, Makira, Solomon Islands Fau Ni Qweraasi (A title given to a wealthy, powerful, peaceful, and loving female leader, who is capable of resolving disputes) [147][148]
 South Africa Motlalepula ("The Rain Queen" or "the one who brings the rain") [149][150]
 United Kingdom Princess Auto Mechanic [151][152]
The World's Sweetheart [153][154]
Elizabeth the Great [155][156]
 Wales Ein Tywysoges (Welsh: Our Own Princess) [131][132][133]

Military ranks[edit]

 United Kingdom

Commonwealth of Nations honours[edit]

Commonwealth realms[edit]

Appointments[edit]

Appointments from Commonwealth realms
Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
 United Kingdom 1935 Recipient of the Royal Family Order of King George V
1937 Recipient of the Royal Family Order of King George VI[161]
11 November 1947 – 6 February 1952 Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
LG
1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
12 June 1947 – 6 February 1952 Member of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India[162]
CI
1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India
1951 – 6 February 1952 Lady of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council PC
International 8 July 1947 – 6 February 1952 Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem[163]
GCStJ
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign Head of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem
Commonwealth realms[i] 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Royal Victorian Order
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Merit
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the Companions of Honour
 United Kingdom 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Distinguished Service Order
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Imperial Service Order
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of British India
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Indian Order of Merit
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Burma
 Canada 1957 – 8 September 2022 Chief Hunter of the Order of the Buffalo Hunt[164]
 Canada 17 April 1967 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Canada[165]
 Canada (British Columbia) 1971 Member of the Order of the Dogwood
 Canada 1 July 1972 Sovereign of the Order of Military Merit[166]
 Australia 14 February 1975 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign Head of the Order of Australia[167]
 New Zealand 13 March 1975 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign Head of the Queen's Service Order[168]
 Barbados 25 July 1980 – 30 November 2021 Sovereign of the Order of Barbados[169]
 Saint Lucia 1980 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of St Lucia[170]
 Solomon Islands 1981 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the Solomon Islands[citation needed]
 New Zealand 6 February 1987 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of New Zealand[171]
 Belize 16 August 1991 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the National Hero[172]
16 August 1991 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Belize[172]
16 August 1991 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Distinction[172]
 New Zealand 30 May 1996 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the New Zealand Order of Merit[173]
 The Bahamas 1996 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Merit of The Bahamas[citation needed]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1998 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the National Hero[citation needed]
 Antigua and Barbuda 31 December 1998 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the National Hero[citation needed]
31 December 1998 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the Nation[citation needed]
31 December 1998 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Exalted Order of Merit[citation needed]
31 December 1998 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Princely Heritage[citation needed]
 Canada 3 October 2000 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces[174]
 Papua New Guinea 23 August 2005 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Logohu[175]
2005 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of the Star of Melanesia[175]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2005 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of St Christopher and Nevis[citation needed]
 Grenada 31 December 2007 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Prestige Order of the National Hero[176]
31 December 2007 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Most Distinguished Order of the Nation[j]
9 December 1994 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Order of Grenada
 Tuvalu 1 October 2016 – 8 September 2022 Sovereign of the Tuvalu Order of Merit[citation needed]

Decorations and medals[edit]

Decorations and medals from Commonwealth realms
(shown in order given not precedence)
Country Date Decoration Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
United Kingdom British Commonwealth 1935 King George V Silver Jubilee Medal
United Kingdom British Commonwealth 1937 King George VI Coronation Medal
 United Kingdom 1945 Defence Medal
 United Kingdom 1945 War Medal 1939–1945
 Canada 1951 Canadian Forces' Decoration and five bars CD
 United Kingdom 11 October 2016 Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars[177][178]
 United Kingdom 11 October 2016 Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars
 United Kingdom 11 October 2016 RAF Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars
United Kingdom British Commonwealth 11 March 2020 ULS Extension of the Service Medal of the Order of St John with 3 Gold Bars[citation needed]

Other Commonwealth countries[edit]

Appointments[edit]

Appointments from other (non-realm) Commonwealth countries
Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
 Tonga 19 December 1953 Most Illustrious Order of Queen Sālote Tupou III[citation needed]
 Pakistan 1960 Nishan-e-Pakistan[5]
NPk
 Nigeria 1969 Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger[5]
GCON
 Singapore 1972 Order of Temasek[5]
DUT(1st)
 Malaysia 1972 Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara (Kehormat)[5][179]
DMN
 Maldives 1972 Member of the Distinguished Order of Ghaazi[5] Nishan Ghaazeege 'Izzaitheri Veriyaa
NGIV
 Brunei 1972 Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei[5]
DKMB
 Kenya 1972 Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya[5]
CGH
 The Gambia 1974 Grand Commander of the Order of the Republic of The Gambia[5]
GCRG
 Malawi 1979 Member First Class of the Order of the Lion[5]
 Botswana 1979 Member of the Presidential Order of Botswana[5]
POB
 Nigeria 1989 Grand Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic[180]
GCFR
 Malta 28 May 1992 Honorary Companion of Honour of the National Order of Merit[181]
KUOM
 Brunei 1992 Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei[5]
DKMB
 South Africa 1995 Grand Cross in Gold of the Order of Good Hope[5]
 Malta 23 October 2000 Honorary Companion of Honour with Collar of the National Order of Merit[181]
 Malta 23 November 2005 Honorary Member of the Xirka Ġieħ ir-Repubblika[182]
SG
 Ghana 2007 Honorary Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana[183]
CSG
 South Africa 2010 Companion in Gold of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo[184]

Decorations and medals[edit]

Decorations and medals from other (non-realm) Commonwealth countries
Country Date Decoration Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
 Dominica 1985 Dominica Award of Honour[5]
DAH
 Trinidad and Tobago 1985 Trinity Cross Medal in Gold[5]
TC
 Brunei 1992 Sultan of Brunei Silver Jubilee Medal[5]

Foreign honours[edit]

Appointments[edit]

Appointments from non-Commonwealth countries
Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
 Denmark 1947 Knight of the Order of the Elephant[5]
RE
 Egypt 1948 Grand Cordon of the Order of El Kemal[5]
 France 1948 Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour[5]
   Nepal 1949 Member of the Order of the Benevolent Ruler[5]
 Netherlands 1950 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion[5]
 Jordan 1953 Member with Collar of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali[5]
1984 Member with Sash of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali[5]
 Sweden 1953 Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim[5]
LSerafO
1975 Member with Collar of the Royal Order of the Seraphim[5]
LSerafO m kedja
 Panama 1953 Gold Collar of the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero[5]
 Libya 1954 Grand Collar of the Order of Idris I[5]
Ethiopia Ethiopia 1954 Chain and Collar of the Order of the Seal of Solomon[5]
 Norway 1955 Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav[5]
 Portugal 1955 Sash of the Three Orders[5] (the Order of Christ, the Order of Aviz and the Order of Santiago conferred as a single award)
 Iraq 1956 Member with Chain of the Grand Order of the Hashemites[5]
 Italy 9 May 1958 Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Republic[5]
Germany Germany 1958 Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany[5]
 Peru 1960 Grand Cross in Diamonds of the Order of the Sun[5]
 Argentina 1960 Grand Collar of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin[5]
 Thailand 1960 Dame of the Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri[5]
 Tunisia 1961 Grand Collar of the Order of Independence[5]
 Finland 1961 Collar of the Order of the White Rose[5]
 Mali 1961 Grand Cordon of the National Order of Mali
 Senegal 1961 Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion[5]
 Liberia 1961 Knight Grand Band of the Order of the Pioneers of Liberia[5]
1979 Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Order of the Pioneers of Liberia[5]
 Côte d'Ivoire 1961 Grand Cross of the National Order of the Ivory Coast[5]
 Liberia 1962 Knight Grand Band of the Order of the Star of Africa[5]
 Japan 1962 Collar and Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum[5]
 Cameroon 1963 Grand Cross of the Ordre de la Valeur Camerounaise[5]
 Belgium 1963 Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold[5]
 Greece 1963 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer[5]
GCR
 Iceland 1963 Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon[5]
 Chile 1965 Grand Collar of the Order of Merit[5]
 Austria 1966 Grand Star of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria[5][185]
 Brazil 1968 Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross[5]
 Abu Dhabi 1969 Member First Class of the Order of Al-Nahayyan[5]
 Gabon 1969 Grand Cross of the Order of the Equatorial Star[5]
Afghanistan Afghanistan 1971 Order of the Supreme Sun[5]
 Luxembourg 1972 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau[5]
 Yugoslavia 1972 Yugoslav Great Star[5]
 Mexico 1973 Grand Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle[5]
 Zaire 1973 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Leopard[5]
 Indonesia 1974 Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 1st Class[5]
 Egypt 1975 Collar of the Order of the Nile[5]
 Japan 1975 Golden Medal of Merit of Japanese Red Cross
 Japan 1975 Golden Medal of Honorary Member of Japanese Red Cross
 Portugal 1978 Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword[5]
GColSE
Romania Romania 1978 – 1989[k] Member First Class of the Order of the Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania[5]
 Kuwait 1979 Collar of the Order of Mubarak the Great[5]
 Bahrain 1979 Collar of the Order of al-Khalifa[5]
 Oman 1979 Member First Class of the Order of Oman[5]
 Saudi Arabia 1979 Collar of the King Abdulaziz Order of Merit[5][188]
 Tunisia 1980 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic[5]
 Morocco 1980 Collar of the Special Class of the Order of Muhammad[5]
 Oman 1982 Member of the Order of Al Said[5]
 Spain 1986 Dame of the Collar of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III[5][189]
 South Korea 1986 Member of the Grand Order of Mungunghwa[5]
 Spain 1989 Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece[5][190]
 Poland 1991 Grand Ribbon of the Order of Merit[5]
 Hungary 1991 Grand Cross of the Order of Merit[5]
 Portugal 1993 Grand Collar of the Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit[191]
GColTE
 Colombia 1993 Grand Collar of the Order of Boyaca[5]
 Kuwait 1995 Member Special Class of the Order of Kuwait
 Poland 1996 Knight of the Order of the White Eagle[5]
 Czech Republic 1996 Member First Class with Collar of the Order of the White Lion[192]
 Latvia 1996 Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Three Stars
 Peru 1998 Grand Cross of the Order of Merit[5]
 Romania 2000 Member with Sash of the Order of the Star of Romania[193]
 Kazakhstan 2000 Member of the Order of the Golden Eagle
 Slovenia 2001 Golden Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia
 Croatia 12 December 2001 Member with Sash and Grand Star of the Grand Order of King Tomislav[194]
 Lithuania 17 October 2006 Grand Cross with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great[195][196]
 Estonia 19 October 2006 Collar of the Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana[197]
 Turkey 14 May 2008 Member First Class of Order of the State of Republic of Turkey[198]
 Slovenia 2008 Order for Exceptional Merits
 Slovakia 2008 Member First Class of the Order of the White Double Cross[199]
 United Arab Emirates 25 November 2010 Collar of the Order of Zayed[200]
 San Marino 11 March 2022 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of San Marino[201]

Dynastic orders[edit]

Dynastic orders from non-Commonwealth countries
Source Date Appointment
Royal House of Mukhrani Georgia 8 March 2017 Grand Collar of the Order of the Eagle of Georgia[202][203]

Decorations[edit]

Decorations and medals from non-Commonwealth countries
Country Date Decoration Ribbon Post-nominal
letters
   Nepal 1961 Mahendra Chain[5]
 Sudan 1964 Chain of Honour[5]
 Saudi Arabia 1979 Badr Chain
 Qatar 1979 Collar of the Independence[5]
 United Arab Emirates 1989 Collar of the Federation[5]

Honorary military and police positions[edit]

Australia Australia
Canada Canada
Fiji Fiji
Ghana Ghana
New Zealand New Zealand
South Africa South Africa
  • South Africa 1947 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Durban Light Infantry
  • South Africa 1947 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the South African Railways and Harbours Brigade
  • South Africa 1952 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Imperial Light Horse
  • South Africa 1953 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Natal Carbineers
  • South Africa 1953 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Kaffrarian Rifles
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Non-national titles and honours[edit]

Freedom of the City[edit]

Commonwealth realms
Foreign

Memberships and fellowships[edit]

Memberships and fellowships
Country Date Organisation Position
 United Kingdom 1947 – 1952 Royal Society Fellow (FRS)
 United Kingdom 1947 – 2022 Worshipful Company of Drapers Freeman (by patrimony, her father (King George VI) being a member)
 United Kingdom 1947 – 2022 Institution of Civil Engineers Honorary member and patron[226]
 United Kingdom 1951 – 2022 Royal College of Surgeons of England Honorary fellow (FRCS)
 United Kingdom 1951 – 2022 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Honorary fellow (FRCOG)

Scholastic[edit]

Degrees[edit]

Degrees received
Country Date University Degree
 United Kingdom 1946 University of London Bachelor of Music (BMus) honoris causa
 United Kingdom 1948 University of Oxford Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) honoris causa
 United Kingdom 1949 University of Wales Doctor of Music (DMus) honoris causa
 United Kingdom 1951 University of Edinburgh Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa
 United Kingdom 1951 University of London Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa

Others[edit]

In 1975 she received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.[227]

In April 2013, the Queen was presented with an honorary BAFTA award by Sir Kenneth Branagh in a ceremony at Windsor Castle. The BAFTA was given for her "lifelong support of the British film and television industry".[228]

On 21 June 2022, the Queen was presented with the Canterbury Cross by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for unstinting support of the Church throughout her reign."[229]

She received the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) Lifetime Achievement Award for her dedication to equestrian sports.[230]

On 14 May 2023, the Queen posthumously won a BAFTA 'Most Memorable Moment Award' as part of her role in 'Paddington meets The Queen from the Platinum Jubilee: Party at the Palace!' via a public vote.[231]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ In some cases, such as an oath of allegiance, Elizabeth's Canadian title is shortened to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada.[35] On Canadian coins, it is rendered in Latin as Elizabeth II D.G. Regina ("Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Regina", or, in English, "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen).
  2. ^ This title is shown on the Great Seal of Victoria in Latin as Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Britanniarum Terrae Australis Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor.[54]
  3. ^ Now part of Tanzania.
  4. ^ Now Sri Lanka.
  5. ^ The kingship of Gibraltar continues to be among the titles of the Spanish monarchy. However, since 2010 the Government of Gibraltar has started to use the title "Queen of Gibraltar" in reference to Elizabeth II.[123] Initially only used on coinage, the title now appears on several Gibraltar and UK government documents referencing the Queen in relation to Gibraltar.[124]
  6. ^ Although Elizabeth was recognised as Queen of Rhodesia by the Rhodesian government, she never accepted or exercised the office for the years between the Rhodesian declaration of independence in 1965 and the proclamation of a republic in Rhodesia in 1970.
  7. ^ Pronounced: si tau por
  8. ^ Today part of Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
  9. ^ Sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations sharing the same person as monarch.
  10. ^ The Order of the Nation is a component order of knighthood within the Order of Grenada, rather than a fully separate order.
  11. ^ The Queen stripped Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, who was overthrown in a popular revolution, of his honorary British knighthood in December 1989,[186] and returned her own order because "of revulsion at the abuse of human rights in Romania for which Ceaușescu is responsible".[187]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "HM Queen Elizabeth II (b.1926) when Princess Elizabeth of York". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh with Prince Charles and Princess Anne". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Kate to become Duchess of Cambridge". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 April 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  4. ^ Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002). Fifty Years the Queen. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 72. ISBN 1-55002-360-8.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd "Burke's Peerage and Gentry > The Royal Family > HM Queen Elizabeth II". Burke's Peerage & Gentry and The Origins Network. Archived from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  6. ^ Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (1952), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 18, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 15 May 2013, retrieved 20 December 2009
  7. ^ Government of South Africa (7 February 1952). "Proclamation No. 12 of 1952". Government Gazette Extraordinary. CLXVII (4781). Queen's Printer.
  8. ^ "Proclamation of the accession of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, from the steps of Parliament House, Canberra, 1952 Feb. 8". Retrieved 1 July 2011 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "No. 39458". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 February 1952. p. 757.
  10. ^ a b Bousfield & Toffoli 2002, p. 75
  11. ^ Twomey, Anne (2006), The Chameleon Crown, Sydney: Federation Press, p. 105, ISBN 9781862876293
  12. ^ Privy Council Office (24 November 1952), "Memorandum for Prime Minister", in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 18–2, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada
  13. ^ "Documenting a Democracy > Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 (Cth)". Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  14. ^ Hoey, Brian (2022), Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II: 1926–2022 - A Celebration of Her Life and Reign, Pitkin, p. 14, ISBN 9781841659640, And as President Ronald Reagan once famously remarked, 'Throughout the world, with all due respect to every other female monarch, whenever we speak about "The Queen" we all know which one we are referring to.'
  15. ^ "Macron pays tribute to Queen: 'We all feel an emptiness'". Le Monde. 9 September 2022. To you, she was your Queen. To us, she was the Queen," Mr. Macron said in English in a video message posted on Twitter.
  16. ^ Hardman, Robert (2019), Queen Of The World, Penguin Random House, p. 18, ISBN 9781784759513, The correct word for a 'queen' had always been 'die Königin', he said. However, new editions now carry an additional entry: 'die Queen'. As Duden states clearly: 'There is no plural.'
  17. ^ "Elizabeth II: she was the Queen for billions of people". Gulf Today. 14 September 2022. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was not just Queen Elizabeth II. She was simply The Queen.
  18. ^ "Order of Service for The Committal of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II" (PDF). The Royal Household. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  19. ^ "The State Memorial Service for Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Queen of New Zealand" (PDF). Government House of New Zealand.
  20. ^ Winston Churchill, House of Commons Official Report cols 199–201, 15 April 1953
  21. ^ "Opening Ceremony of the Scottish Parliament: 1st July 1999 (30:47)". The Scottish Parliament. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  22. ^ "Queen urged to change title". BBC. 22 May 2002.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "No. 39873". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 May 1953. p. 3023.