Mara-Il

Mara-Il is the only king of Nagar known by name,[1] and the first known historical figure from the Jezirah region.[2] Most of the texts record the ruler of Nagar using his title "En", without mentioning a name.[3][4] Only in Ebla was a name mentioned: Mara-Il; he ruled a little more than a generation before Nagar's destruction c. 2300 BC,[1] and was most probably the "En" recorded in other texts, including the ones from Nabada.[4]

Amar-AN[edit]

An inscription from Mari records a certain Amar-AN of the land of Nagar,[note 1] and he could be identical to Mara-Il (whose name in Ebla was written ma-ra-AN).[note 2][3] Four scholars, Marco Bonechi, Amalia Catagnoti, Maria Vittoria Tonietti and Walther Sallaberger, suggested a tentative relation between the element Amar and the element Ma-ra but both Catagnoti and Tonietti admit to the difficulty of this identification and have reservations.[6]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Amar-AN son of Ur-dUTU.ŠA.[5]
  2. ^ AN was a cuneiform sign that designate the word for "god", which is "il" for Semites

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Eidem, Finkel & Bonechi 2001, p. 101.
  2. ^ Sallaberger & Pruß 2015, p. 85.
  3. ^ a b Eidem, Finkel & Bonechi 2001, p. 99.
  4. ^ a b Eidem, Finkel & Bonechi 2001, p. 100.
  5. ^ Bonechi 1998, p. 221.
  6. ^ Frayne 2008, pp. 321-333.

Sources[edit]

  • Sallaberger, Walther; Pruß, Alexander (2015). "Home and Work in Early Bronze Age Mesopotamia:"Ration Lists" and "Private Houses" at Tell Beydar/Nabada". In Steinkeller, Piotr; Hudson, Michael (eds.). Labor in the Ancient World. International Scholars Conference on Ancient Near Eastern Economics. Vol. 5. Islet Press. ISBN 978-3-981-48423-6.
  • Eidem, Jesper; Finkel, Irving; Bonechi, Marco (2001). "The Third-millennium Inscriptions". In Oates, David; Oates, Joan; McDonald, Helen (eds.). Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 2: Nagar in the third millennium BC. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. ISBN 978-0-9519420-9-3.
  • Frayne, Douglas (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods (2700–2350 BC). The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods. Vol. 1. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-9047-9.
  • Bonechi, Marco (1998). "Remarks on the III Millennium Geographical Names of the Syrian Upper Mesopotamia". In Lebeau, Marc (ed.). About Subartu. Studies Devoted to Upper Mesopotamia. Volume I: Landscape, Archeology, Settlement. Volume II: Culture, society, Image. Subartu (SUBART). Vol. 4. Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-2-503-50652-4.
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