French
DeutschPolyetherimide
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name benzene-1,3-diamine; 5-[4-[2-[4-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione | |
| Other names PEI, Ultem | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.126.800 |
PubChem CID | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| |
| Properties | |
| (C37H24O6N2)n | |
| Molar mass | Variable |
| Appearance | Amber-to-transparent solid |
| Density | 1.27 g/cm3 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Polyetherimide | |
|---|---|
| Physical properties | |
| Density (ρ) | 1.27 g/cc |
| Water absorption—over 24 hours | 0.25% |
| Mechanical properties | |
| Tensile strength (σt) | 115 MPa |
| Elongation (ε) at break | 60-80% |
| Izod impact strength | 25-60 J/m |
| Thermal properties | |
| Glass transition temperature (Tg) | 215 C |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.46 MPa / 66 psi | 210 C |
| Vicat softening point | 220 C |
| Upper working temperature | 375 C |
| Lower working temperature | 365 C |
| Data via Sastri et al., 2014.[1] | |
Polyetherimide (PEI; branded as Ultem[2]) is an amorphous, amber-to-transparent thermoplastic with characteristics similar to the related plastic PEEK. When comparing PEI to PEEK, the former is cheaper but has lower impact strength and a tighter temperature range.[3]
PEI plastics were first introduced into the market by General Electric (GE) in 1982 under the trade name Ultem.[4]
Due to its adhesive properties and chemical stability it became a popular bed material for FFF 3D printers.
Structure
[edit]The molecular formula of the PEI repeating unit is C37H24O6N2 and the molecular weight is 592.61 g/mol.[5] It contains phthalimide and bisphenol A sub-units.
Properties
[edit]The glass transition temperature of PEI is 217 °C (422 °F). Its amorphous density at 25 °C is 1.27 g/cm3(.046 lb/in³). It is prone to stress cracking in chlorinated solvents. Polyetherimide is able to resist high temperatures while maintaining stable electrical properties over a wide range of frequencies. This high strength material offers excellent chemical resistance and ductile properties suitable for various applications, even those involving steam exposure.[6]
Production
[edit]PEIs are manufactured by the imidization reaction of a flexible dianhydride and m-Phenylenediamine.[7][8]
References
[edit]- ^ Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), "8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers", Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition), Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 183, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2, ISBN 978-1-4557-3201-2, retrieved 2025-05-05
- ^ "Ultem". Curbell Plastics. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ http://www.mcmaster.com/#ultem/=otzvqt Referenced Oct 7, 2013
- ^ "What Is Polyetherimide (PEI)?". Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ Scott, Chris. "polyetherimide information and properties". www.polymerprocessing.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ^ "Injection Molding Material Selection Guide". www.abtecinc.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ^ Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), "8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers", Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition), Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 182, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2, ISBN 978-1-4557-3201-2, retrieved 2025-05-05,
Polyetherimides (PEIs) are manufactured by the reaction of a flexible anhydride and 1,3-diamino benzene. The anhydride is based on bisphenol A and has both ether and isopropylidene links. It is these two flexible links that provide the flexibility and melt processability to PEI compared to its wholly aromatic analogs.
- ^ Melton, George H.; Peters, Edward N.; Arisman, Ruth K. (2011-01-01), Kutz, Myer (ed.), "2 - Engineering Thermoplastics", Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, Plastics Design Library, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 15, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9, ISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7, retrieved 2025-05-05,
Polyetherimide (PEI) was formally announced by GE in 1982. This amorphous polymer with the Ultem trade name resulted from the research work of a team headed by J.G. Wirth in the early 1970s. The early laboratory process involved a costly and difficult synthesis. Further development resulted in a number of breakthroughs that led to a simplified, cost-effective production process. The final step of the process involves the imidization of a diacid anhydride with m-phenylene diamine
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