Ionotropic
GABAA Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list): α-EMTBL Alcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol , 2M2B ) Anabolic steroids Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin ) Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital ) Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam ) Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide ) Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate ) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) ) Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid ) Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin , hispidulin ) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate ) Kava constituents (e.g., kavain ) Lanthanum Loreclezole Monastrol Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone , cholesterol , THDOC ) Niacin Niacinamide Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil ), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone ), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem ), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon )) Norfluoxetine Petrichloral Phenols (e.g., propofol ) Phenytoin Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide ) Propanidid Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate ) Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone ) Retigabine (ezogabine) ROD-188 Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin ) Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal) ) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid ) Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , diethyl ether , paraldehyde , sevoflurane ) Negative modulators: 1,3M1B 3M2B 11-Ketoprogesterone 17-Phenylandrostenol α3IA α5IA (LS-193,268) β-CCB β-CCE β-CCM β-CCP β-EMGBL Anabolic steroids Amiloride Anisatin β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins , cephalosporins , carbapenems ) Basmisanil Bemegride Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS , TBPO , IPTBO ) BIDN Bilobalide Bupropion CHEB Chlorophenylsilatrane Cicutoxin Cloflubicyne Cyclothiazide DHEA DHEA-S Dieldrin (+)-DMBB DMCM DMPC EBOB Etbicyphat FG-7142 (ZK-31906) Fiproles (e.g., fipronil ) Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone , oroxylin A ) Flumazenil Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin ) Flurothyl Furosemide Golexanolone Iomazenil (123 I) IPTBO Isopregnanolone (sepranolone) L-655,708 Laudanosine Lindane MaxiPost Morphine Morphine-3-glucuronide MRK-016 Naloxone Naltrexone Nicardipine Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide , bicalutamide , enzalutamide , flutamide , nilutamide ) Oenanthotoxin Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol) Phenylsilatrane Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin , picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin ) Pregnenolone sulfate Propybicyphat PWZ-029 Radequinil Ro 15-4513 Ro 19-4603 RO4882224 RO4938581 Sarmazenil SCS Suritozole TB-21007 TBOB TBPS TCS-1105 Terbequinil TETS Thujone U-93631 Zinc ZK-93426 GABAA -ρ Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
Metabotropic
GABAB Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR Tooltip Glycine receptor Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol ) Alkylbenzene sulfonate Anandamide Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental ) Chlormethiazole D12-116 Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine ) Etomidate Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf )) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Ivermectin Ketamine Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 ) Nitrous oxide Penicillin G Propofol Tamoxifen Tetrahydrocannabinol Triclofos Tropeines (e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron ) Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene ) Xenon Zinc Antagonists: 2-Aminostrychnine 2-Nitrostrychnine 4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine αEMBTL Bicuculline Brucine Cacotheline Caffeine Colchicine Colubrine Cyanotriphenylborate Dendrobine Diaboline Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) ) Gaboxadol (THIP) Gelsemine iso-THAZ Isobutyric acid Isonipecotic acid Isostrychnine Laudanosine N-Methylbicuculline N-Methylstrychnine N,N-Dimethylmuscimol Nipecotic acid Pitrazepin Pseudostrychnine Quinolines (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline , 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid , 5,7-CIQA , 7-CIQ , 7-TFQ , 7-TFQA ) RU-5135 Sinomenine Strychnine Thiocolchicoside Tutin Negative modulators: Amiloride Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam ) Corymine Cyanotriphenylborate Daidzein Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine ) Furosemide Genistein Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., ginkgolide A , ginkgolide B , ginkgolide C , ginkgolide J , ginkgolide M )) Imipramine NBQX Neuroactive steroids (e.g., 3α-androsterone sulfate , 3β-androsterone sulfate , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone ) Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine ) Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin ) PMBA Riluzole Tropeines (e.g., bemesetron , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron ) Verapamil Zinc NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
Transporter (blockers )
GlyT1 Tooltip Glycine transporter 1 GlyT2 Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
AMPAR Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor KAR Tooltip Kainate receptor NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
TRPA
Activators 4-Hydroxynonenal 4-Oxo-2-nonenal 4,5-EET 12S-HpETE 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Acrolein Allicin (garlic ) Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard , radish , horseradish , wasabi ) AM404 ASP-7663 Bradykinin Cannabichromene (cannabis ) Cannabidiol (cannabis ) Cannabigerol (cannabis ) Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon ) CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO) CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile) Cuminaldehyde (cumin ) Curcumin (turmeric ) Dehydroligustilide (celery ) Diallyl disulfide Dicentrine (Lindera spp.) Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid Formalin Gingerols (ginger ) Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Hydrogen peroxide Icilin Isothiocyanate JT-010 Ligustilide (celery , Angelica acutiloba ) Linalool (Sichuan pepper , thyme ) Methylglyoxal Methyl salicylate (wintergreen ) N-Methylmaleimide Nicotine (tobacco ) Oleocanthal (olive oil ) Paclitaxel (Pacific yew ) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) PF-4840154 Phenacyl chloride Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper ) Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Tear gases Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis ) Tetrahydrocannabiorcol Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion ) Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica ) WIN 55,212-2 Blockers
TRPC
TRPM
TRPML
TRPP
TRPV
Activators 2-APB 5',6'-EET 9-HODE 9-oxoODE 12S-HETE 12S-HpETE 13-HODE 13-oxoODE 20-HETE α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Allicin (garlic ) AM404 Anandamide Bisandrographolide (Andrographis paniculata ) Camphor (camphor laurel , rosemary , camphorweed , African blue basil , camphor basil ) Cannabidiol (cannabis ) Cannabidivarin (cannabis ) Capsaicin (chili pepper ) Carvacrol (oregano , thyme , pepperwort , wild bergamot , others) DHEA Diacyl glycerol Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper ) Estradiol Eugenol (basil , clove ) Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa ) Gingerols (ginger ) GSK1016790A Heat Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Homocapsaicin (chili pepper ) Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper ) Incensole (incense ) Lysophosphatidic acid Low pH (acidic conditions) Menthol (mint ) N-Arachidonoyl dopamine N-Oleoyldopamine N-Oleoylethanolamide Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray ) Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper ) Paclitaxel (Pacific yew ) Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Phenylacetylrinvanil Phorbol esters (e.g., 4α-PDD ) Piperine (black pepper , long pepper ) Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper ) Probenecid Protons RhTx Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens ) Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii ) Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers ) Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis ) Thymol (thyme , oregano ) Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii ) Tramadol Vanillin (vanilla ) Zucapsaicin Blockers