French
DeutschRomania–Ukraine border
| Romania–Ukraine border | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Characteristics | |
| Entities | Romania Ukraine |
| Length | 613.8 kilometers |
| History | |
| Established |
|
| Current shape | 3 February 2009 Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea case |
| Disestablished | 18 March 1921 Ukrainian People's Republic disestablished (Peace of Riga) |
| Treaties |
|
The Romania–Ukraine border is the state border between Romania and Ukraine. It consists of both a land and a maritime boundary. The total border length is 613.8 km (381.4 mi) including 292.2 km (181.6 mi) by rivers and 33 km (21 mi) by the Black Sea.[1] It is part of the external border of the European Union (since Romania's accession to the EU in January 2007).
The maritime delimitation between the two countries , including the continental shelf and exclusive economic zonesm was adjudicated at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2009.
Location
[edit]
The land border consists of two parts: the northern part stretches across Carpathian Mountains region roughly west–east from the Hungary-Romania-Ukraine tripoint to the northern Moldova-Romania-Ukraine tripoint. It starts along the Tisza River (through Maramureș) and runs across the historical region of Bukovina in the Eastern Carpathians. The southern part stretches between Budjak and Dobruja regions roughly west–east from the southern Moldova-Romania-Ukraine tripoint to the maritime Romania-Ukraine boundary. It runs along the Danube River, its Chilia branch (most northern branch) of its delta to the Black Sea. Until Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Dniester (Nistru) river used to serve as international border between Ukraine (later the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) and Romania.
History
[edit]
The border is mostly inherited from the Romania–Soviet Union border,[1] with some border disputes, most notable being the Snake Island issue. On 4 July 2003 the President of Romania Ion Iliescu and the President of Russia Vladimir Putin signed a treaty about friendship and cooperation. Romania promised not to contest territories of Ukraine or Moldova, which it lost to Soviet Union after World War II, but requested that Russia as a successor of the Soviet Union recognized its responsibility in some form for what had happened.[2]
Nonetheless, the very next year in 2004 Romania contested Ukrainian maritime territory around the Snake Island in the ICJ in what became known as the Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea case. Romania was able to partially win the case.[citation needed]
Border crossings and checkpoints
[edit]Southern segment
[edit]Near the Black Sea, between the Odesa Oblast in Budjak area, and the Tulcea County, there are several ferry crossings across the Danube—
International:
Local:
Western segment
[edit]Near Hungary, there are several crossings between the Zakarpattia Oblast in Ukraine and Satu Mare County there is a crossing:
- Halmeu – Nevetlenfolu (international)
E58 
E81 
M 26 railway
Between Zakarpattia Oblast and Maramureș County there are several crossings:
- Valea Viseului – Dilove (international) railway
- Câmpulung la Tisa – Teresva (international) railway
- Sighetu Marmației – Solotvyno (international)
H 09 (weight restriction < 3.5 ton)
The mountainous region between the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Maramures has no crossings.
Between Chernivtsi Oblast and Suceava County there are several crossings:
- Siret – Terebleche (international)
E85 - Vicovu de Sus – Krasnoilsk (international)
- Ulma – Seliatyn[3] (a.k.a. Rusca, in Romanian)
- Izvoarele Sucevei – Șepit[4]
Between Chernivtsi Oblast and Botosani County a crossing was opened in 2023:[1][5]
Local border traffic
[edit]In 2014, Romania and Ukraine signed a provisional agreement on local border traffic. It applies to the residents within the 30 km (19 mi) border area extendable to 50 km (31 mi) to accommodate larger administrative units extending beyond the 30 km zone, listed in Annex 1 to the Agreement.
The agreement was subject to the completion of the necessary internal formalities. The Romanian side completed them in March 2014.[6] The Ukrainian side complete its arrangements in May 2015. The agreement covers 662 localities in Ukraine Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia Oblast: Ivano-Frankivsk, Odesa, Chernivtsi). It is applicable to about 2 million Ukrainian and Romanian residents.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- ^ a b c Filippova, Olga (2016). "Reconceptualisations of borders in post-Soviet Ukraine Between EU regulations, the Soviet legacy and internal political strife". In Liikanen, Ilkka; Scott, James Wesley; Sotkasiira, Tiina (eds.). The EU's Eastern Neighbourhood: Migration, Borders and Regional Stability (1st ed.). London; New York: Routledge. pp. 65–75. ISBN 9781315858036. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Russia and Romania: Compromise on history". BBC Russia. 4 July 2003.
- ^ "Trei noi puncte de trecere a frontierei cu Ucraina: Vicovu de Sus, Racovăţ şi Ulma, reabilitate după mai bine de 10 ani". Știrile ProTV (in Romanian).
- ^ "Gheorghe Flutur: „S-a finalizat drumul transfrontalier de la Izvoarele Sucevei"". SuceavaLIVE (in Romanian). 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Deschiderea Punctul de Trecere a Frontierei Racovăț (România) – Diakivti (Ucraina)". Poliția de Frontieră Română (in Romanian).
- ^ "Agreement between the governments of Romania and Ukraine on small border traffic, signed ad referendum". Romania's Permanent Delegation to NATO.
- ^ "Local border traffic between Ukraine and Romania to enter into force in mid-May". TELERADIO-MOLDOVA: TRM.
Further reading
[edit]- Hungary–Slovakia–Romania–Ukraine ENPI Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2007–2013
- "Home". Hungary–Slovakia–Romania–Ukraine ENI Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2014–2020. 3 March 2017.