French
DeutschNeorickettsia helminthoeca
| Neorickettsia helminthoeca | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rickettsiales |
| Family: | Anaplasmataceae |
| Genus: | Neorickettsia |
| Species: | N. helminthoeca |
| Binomial name | |
| Neorickettsia helminthoeca Philip et al. 1953 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Neorickettsia helminthoeca is a bacterium in the Neorickettsia genus that causes Salmon poisoning disease.[1]
Salmon poisoning disease[edit]
Salmon poisoning disease (SPD) is a fatal disease of dogs and other canids caused by a rickettsial bacterium, Neorickettsia helminthoeca.[2] It results from eating raw salmon, trout, or salamander and is common in the Pacific Northwest. These fish and amphibians are infected with the larvae of a fluke, Nanophyetus salmincola through an intermediate host, the snail Oxytrema plicifer[citation needed]. The larvae attaches to the intestine of the dog and the rickettsial bacteria are released, causing severe gastrointestinal disease and systemic infection.
Neorickettsia elokominica, carried by the same fluke, causes a similar disease known as Elokomin fluke fever (EFF) in canids, bears, raccoons, and ferrets.[3]
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of SPD begin about one week after eating the salmon and include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, depression, high fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. Untreated, mortality reaches 90 percent.[4] Death occurs seven to ten days after symptoms begin.[2]
EFF has less severe symptoms than SPD, with less gastrointestinal signs and more lymph node involvement. The mortality in untreated cases is about 10 percent.[3]
A similar disease has been identified in Brazil.[5]
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is through finding the fluke eggs microscopically in a stool sample. A needle aspiration biopsy of an enlarged lymph node will reveal rickettsial organisms within macrophages in many cases.[6] The rickettsial infection can be successfully treated with tetracycline, and the fluke infection can be treated with fenbendazole.
References[edit]
- ^ Headley, Selwyn Arlington; Scorpio, Diana G.; Vidotto, Odilon; Dumler, J. Stephen (1 February 2011). "Neorickettsia helminthoeca and salmon poisoning disease: a review". Veterinary Journal. 187 (2): 165–173. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.11.019. PMID 20044285. S2CID 510481.
- ^ a b Ettinger, Stephen J.; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 978-0-7216-6795-9.
- ^ a b "Salmon Poisoning Disease and Elokomin Fluke Fever". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2016. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
- ^ Lobetti, Remo (2006). "Infectious Diseases of the GI Tract" (PDF). Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
- ^ Headley S, Vidotto O, Scorpio D, Dumler J, Mankowski J (2004). "Suspected cases of Neorickettsia-like organisms in Brazilian dogs". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1026 (1): 79–83. Bibcode:2004NYASA1026...79H. doi:10.1196/annals.1307.010. PMID 15604473. S2CID 22480604.
- ^ Johns J, Strasser J, Zinkl J, Christopher M (2006). "Lymph node aspirate from a California wine-country dog". Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 35 (2): 243–6. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00123.x. PMID 16783722.