Semiconductor industry
Semiconductor device fabrication |
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MOSFET scaling (process nodes) |
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The semiconductor industry is the aggregate of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductors and semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. It formed around 1960, once the fabrication of semiconductor devices became a viable business. The industry's annual semiconductor sales revenue has since grown to over $481 billion, as of 2018.[1]
The semiconductor industry is in turn the driving force behind the wider electronics industry,[2] with annual power electronics sales of £135 billion ($216 billion) as of 2011,[3] annual consumer electronics sales expected to reach $2.9 trillion by 2020,[4] tech industry sales expected to reach $5 trillion in 2019,[5] and e-commerce with over $29 trillion in 2017.[6] In 2019, 32.4% of the semiconductor market segment was for networks and communications devices.[7]
In 2021, the sales of semiconductors reached a record $555.9 billion, up 26.2 percent, with sales in China reaching $192.5 billion, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. A record 1.15 trillion semiconductor units were shipped in the calendar year.[8] The semiconductor industry is projected to reach $726.73 billion by 2027.[9]
Industry structure
[edit]The global semiconductor industry is dominated by companies from the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and the Netherlands, with Israel and Germany having significant presence in the field.[10]
Unique features of the industry include continuous growth but in a cyclical pattern with high volatility. While the current 20-year annual average growth of the semiconductor industry is on the order of 13%, this has been accompanied by equally above-average market volatility, which can lead to significant if not dramatic cyclical swings. This has required the need for high degrees of flexibility and innovation in order to constantly adjust to the rapid pace of change in the market as many products embedding semiconductor devices often have a very short life cycle.[citation needed]
At the same time, the rate of constant price-performance improvement in the semiconductor industry is staggering. As a consequence, changes in the semiconductor market not only occur extremely rapidly but also anticipate changes in industries evolving at a slower pace. The semiconductor industry is widely recognized as a key driver and technology enabler for the whole electronics value chain.[11]
The industry is based on the foundry model, which consists of semiconductor fabrication plants (foundries) and integrated circuit design operations, each belonging to separate companies or subsidiaries. Some companies, known as integrated device manufacturers, both design and manufacture semiconductors. The foundry model has resulted in consolidation among foundries. As of 2021, only three firms are able to manufacture the most advanced semiconductors: TSMC of Taiwan, Samsung of South Korea, and Intel of the United States.[12] Part of this is due to the high capital costs of building foundries. TSMC's latest factory, capable of fabricating 3 nm process semiconductors and completed in 2020, cost $19.5 billion.[12]
Intel is considering outsourcing some production to TSMC. It currently can only produce 10 nm semiconductors, while TSMC and Samsung can both produce 5 nm.[12] GlobalFoundries, an American-headquartered firm, uses a 12 nm process for its most advanced chips due to the rapidly increasing development costs of smaller process nodes.[13]
Semiconductor sales
[edit]Sales revenue
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Market share
[edit]Industry sector | Market share |
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Computer and peripheral equipment | 32.3% |
Consumer electronics | 21.2% |
Telecommunications equipment | 16.5% |
Industrial electronics | 14.3% |
Defense and space industry | 11.5% |
Transportation technology | 4.2% |
Largest companies
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Name | Country | Manufacturer type[30] | Hardware products |
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Samsung Electronics | South KoreaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | NAND flash memory, DRAM, CMOS sensor, RF transceivers, OLED display, SSD |
Intel | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | x86-64 microprocessor, GPU, SSD, DRAM |
TSMC | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Pure-play | |
SK Hynix[a] | South KoreaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | flash memory, DRAM, SSD, CMOS sensor |
Micron[b] | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | DRAM, NAND flash, SSD, NOR flash, Managed NAND, multichip packages |
Qualcomm | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | RF module, digital signal processor, Snapdragon system on chip |
Broadcom | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | Broadband/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth modems, Custom DSP & ARM CPUs |
Kioxia[c] | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | NAND flash memory, SSD |
Texas Instruments (TI) | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Microcontroller, SoC, DSP, Amplifiers, data converters |
Analog Devices[d] | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Amplifiers, data converters, audio & video products, RF & microwave, sensors, MEMS |
Microchip | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Microcontrollers and analog semiconductors |
NXP | NetherlandsThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | PMIC, Media processor, MIFARE, LPC |
MediaTek | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | SoC, chipset, CPU, GPU, DSP |
Infineon[e] | GermanyThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Microcontrollers and power semiconductor devices |
Bosch | GermanyThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | |
STMicroelectronics | FranceThe time allocated for running scripts has expired./ ItalyThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | ASIC, Microcontrollers |
Sony | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Active-pixel sensor, NAND flash memory |
ARM | United KingdomThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | Microprocessor |
AMD | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | x86-64 CPU, GPU, motherboard chipset, SDRAM |
Nvidia | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | GPU |
ON Semiconductor | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | |
UMC | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Pure-play | |
Apple | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | Apple silicon |
IBM | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | IBM Power microprocessors, z/Architecture |
Mitsubishi Electric | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | Power semiconductor devices |
Tower Semiconductor | IsraelThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | IDM | |
Xilinx | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | programmable logic device |
SMIC | ChinaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Pure-play | |
Nordic Semiconductor | NorwayThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Fabless | Bluetooth, Wifi, Low Power Cellular |
Semi-Conductor Laboratory | IndiaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | Pure-play | Power semiconductor devices, Microprocessors |
Notes:
- Pure-play foundries – They specialize in foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties, as well as mask (photomask) making, semiconductor packaging and testing services, which can also be outsourced to other companies. An example is TSMC, which offers design, testing and packaging services, TCE photomasks, which offers only mask making services, and ChipMOS, which offers only packaging and testing services.
- IDMs (integrated device manufacturers) – They may or may not offer foundry services.
- Fabless suppliers – They do not offer foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties.
Device shipments
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Year | Optoelectronics | Sensor / Actuator | MOSFET[32] |
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1960–2001 | ? | ? | 2,900,000,000,000,000 |
2002 | 23,164 | 1,654 | |
2003 | 28,955 | 2,482 | |
2004 | 38,056 | 3,310 | |
2005 | 44,675 | 4,137 | |
2006[33] | 55,429 | 4,137 | |
2007[34] | 67,839 | 4,136 | |
2008 | 76,939 | 4,964 | |
2009 | 91,003 | 4,964 | |
2010 | 97,622 | 6,619 | |
2011 | 110,031 | 8,273 | |
2012 | 129,886 | 11,583 | |
2013 | 131,541 | 14,064 | |
2014–2015 | ? | ? | 10,100,000,000,000,000 |
2016[35][36] | 217,200 | 17,376 | |
2017–2018 | ? | ? | |
1960–2018 | 1,112,340+ | 87,699+ | 13,000,000,000,000,000 |
Integrated circuits
[edit]Year | MOS memory | MPU / MCU | Analog | Logic | ASIC | ASSP | Total |
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1960–1991 | ? | 15,000[37] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 350,000[37] |
1992[38] | 3,706 | ||||||
1993[38] | 4,060 | ||||||
1994[38] | 4,938 | ||||||
1995[38] | 6,092 | ||||||
1996[38] | 6,206 | ||||||
1997 | 7,155[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 60,100[34] |
1998–1999 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2000[40] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 89,100 |
2001 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2002 | 9,100 | 6,619 | 24,819 | 11,582 | 2,482 | 23,992 | 78,594 |
2003 | 10,755 | 6,618 | 30,611 | 14,064 | 1,655 | 25,646 | 89,349 |
2004 | 13,237 | 9,100 | 33,092 | 14,064 | 1,654 | 33,092 | 104,239 |
2005 | 15,719 | 8,273 | 37,229 | 14,891 | 2,481 | 38,056 | 116,649 |
2006[33] | 18,201 | 10,755 | 43,020 | 18,200 | 2,482 | 45,501 | 141,600 |
2007[34] | 23,992 | 12,409 | 48,811 | 18,201 | 3,309 | 45,502 | 156,000 |
2008 | 25,646 | 12,410 | 49,639 | 18,200 | 1,655 | 47,156 | 154,706 |
2009 | 28,128 | 11,582 | 43,020 | 14,892 | 2,482 | 43,847 | 143,951 |
2010[40] | 33,919 | 16,546 | 57,084 | 19,028 | 1,654 | 57,911 | 189,800 |
2011 | 33,919 | 17,374 | 56,256 | 19,028 | 1,655 | 58,738 | 186,970 |
2012 | 34,747 | 17,373 | 57,084 | 17,373 | 1,655 | 57,083 | 185,315 |
2013 | 33,919 | 16,546 | 67,839 | 18,201 | 2,481 | 64,530 | 203,516 |
2014 | ? | 18,600[41] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2015 | ? | 22,058[42] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 235,600[40] |
2016[35][36] | 43,440 | 21,174[42] | 130,320 | 52,128 | ? | ? | 342,416 |
2017 | ? | 25,797[42] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 581,321[43] |
2018 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 634,700[43] |
1960–2018 | 356,879+ | 274,298+ | 635,804+ | 249,852+ | 25,645+ | 541,054+ | 4,043,926+ |
Discrete devices
[edit]Year | Discrete transistors | Diode | Total | ||
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Power | Small-signal | Total | |||
1954–1956[45] | ? | ? | 28 | ? | 28+ |
1957[45] | ? | ? | 30 | ? | 30+ |
1958–1962 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
1963[45] | ? | ? | 303 | ? | 303+ |
1964–1965 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
1966[46] | ? | ? | 968 | ? | 968+ |
1967[46] | ? | ? | 881 | ? | 881+ |
1968[46] | ? | ? | 997 | ? | 997+ |
1969[45] | ? | ? | 1,249 | ? | 1,249+ |
1970[46] | ? | ? | 914 | ? | 914+ |
1971[45] | ? | ? | 881 | ? | 881+ |
1972–2001 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
2002 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 232,472 |
2003 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 245,708 |
2004 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 287,901 |
2005 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 290,382 |
2006[33] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 321,820 |
2007[34] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 356,566 |
2008 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 324,301 |
2009 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 289,555 |
2010 | 53,000[47] | ? | 53,000+ | ? | 371,458 |
2011 | 45,000 | 110,000 | 155,000 | 143,000 | 356,000 |
2012 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 345,812 |
2013 | 44,000 | 103,000 | 147,000 | 146,000 | 358,000 |
2014 | 48,000 | 109,000 | 157,000 | 154,000 | 380,000 |
2015[40] | 52,000 | 107,000 | 159,000 | 150,000 | 372,000 |
2016[35] | 53,300 | ? | 53,300+ | ? | 382,272 |
2017 | 58,100 | ? | 58,100+ | ? | 58,100+ |
2018 | 62,800 | ? | 62,800+ | ? | 62,800+ |
1954–2018 | 416,200+ | 429,000+ | 851,451+ | 593,000+ | 5,041,398+ |
Sales
[edit]Manufacturers headquartered in the following places are the sales leaders in the pure-play foundry, IDM (integrated device manufacturing), fabless manufacturing and OSAT (outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing) sectors of the industry.[30]
Rank | Foundry | IDM | Fabless | OSAT |
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1 | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
2 | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | South KoreaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | United StatesThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
3 | ChinaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ChinaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ChinaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
4 | South KoreaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | European UnionThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | European UnionThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | SingaporeThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
5 | IsraelThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | TaiwanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. | JapanThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
Manufacturers headquartered in the United States have fabrication plants across the world, including over 50% in the Americas, 39% in the Asia-Pacific region (including 9% in Japan), and 9% in Europe.[30]
See also
[edit]- Electronic design automation
- List of EDA companies
- List of semiconductor fabrication plants
- Semiconductor consolidation
- Semiconductor device fabrication
- Semiconductor fabrication plant
- Semiconductor Industry Association
- Semiconductor industry in India
- Semiconductor industry in Taiwan
- Semiconductor industry in China
- Semiconductor industry in South Korea
- Transistor count
Notes
[edit]- ^ Formerly Hyundai Electronics.
- ^ Acquired Elpida Memory and Powerchip.
- ^ Formerly Toshiba Memory.
- ^ Acquired Maxim Integrated.
- ^ Acquired Cypress Semiconductor.
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References
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- ^ Staff, ReportLinker. “Global Semiconductor Market Outlook 2022 The time allocated for running scripts has expired..” January 13, 2016. February 19, 2016.
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