French
DeutschSultanate of Swat
The Sultanate of Swat was a medieval kingdom of Dardic[1] origin centred around the city of Manglawar between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states in the region,[2] encompassing the present-day Malakand, Buner, Swat and Dir valleys, as well as the Kohistan region.[3][4]
During the most of 15th century, the kingdom bordered Kashmir Sultanate to the east, Delhi Sultanate to the south, Timurid Empire to the west and the kingdom of Chitral to the north.[5] The last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri,[5][4][6] during whose reign Swat was ultimately conquered between 1510 and 1518 after a series of battles by Yousafza'i Pashtuns under the leadership of Malik Ahmad Baba.[7] This led to the Pashtunization of the Swat and Dir regions.[7][8] Some accounts trace the origins of Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir from these rulers of Swat.[9][10]
References
[edit]- ^ Arlinghaus (1988), pp. 190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language.
- ^ Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions.
- ^ Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177.
- ^ a b Inam-ur-Rahim & Viaro (2002), p. 68.
- ^ a b Arlinghaus (1988), p. 191.
- ^ Wagha, Rehana (2024-02-29). War, Violence and Women’s Agency in Pakistan: The Case of Swat. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-003-85181-3.
- ^ a b Arlinghaus (1988), p. 193.
- ^ Ahmed, Akbar (2012-07-26). Millennium and Charisma Among Pathans (Routledge Revivals): A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-136-81074-9.
- ^ Hasan (2023), p. 42.
- ^ Bhatt, Saligram (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi. APH Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 978-81-313-0402-0.
Shah Mir, runaway descendant of rulers of Swat...
Sources
[edit]- Arlinghaus, Joseph Theodore (1988). The Transformation of Afghan Tribal Society: Tribal Expansion, Mughal Imperialism and the Roshaniyya Insurrection, 1450–1600. Duke University. OCLC 247004965.
- Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. (2002). Swat: An Afghan Society in Pakistan: Urbanisation and Change in Tribal Environment. Karachi: City Press. ISBN 978-969-8380-55-7.
- Hasan, Mohibbul (2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.