Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy

Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus^[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."^[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.^[3]

Legend[edit]

A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.^[4]^[5]

General sigla

# beginning with 0: uncial

# not beginning with 0: minuscule

^* superscript: original reading

^c superscript: scribal correction

^ms superscript: individual manuscript

^mss superscript: multiple manuscripts

^pt superscript: partial attestation

^vid superscript: uncertain reading

arab: Arabic versions

arm: Armenian versions

𝔐 or Byz: Byzantine text-type

cop: Coptic versions

sa: Sahidic version

bo: Boharic version

eth: Ethiopic versions

ƒ: Greek manuscripts family

geo: Georgian versions

goth: Gothic versions

it: Italic/Vetus Latina

lat: most Italic and Vulgate

latt: all Italic and Vulgate

𝔓: papyrus

𝑙: individually numbered lectionary

Lect: most or all numbered lectionaries

parenthesized (): approximate reading

rell: all other extant manuscripts

slav: Slavic versions

syr: Syriac versions

vg: Latin Vulgate

ς: Textus Receptus

Uncial sigla: א‎: Codex Sinaiticus (01); A: Codex Alexandrinus (02); B: Codex Vaticanus (03); C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04); D^ea: Codex Bezae (05); D^p: Codex Claromontanus (06); K^e: Codex Cyprius (017); K^ap: Codex Mosquensis I (018); L^e: Codex Regius (New Testament) (019); L^ap: Codex Angelicus (020); P^apr: Codex Porphyrianus (025); S: Codex Vaticanus 354 (028); V: Codex Mosquensis II (031); W: Codex Washingtonianus (032); Z: Codex Dublinensis (035); Γ: Codex Tischendorfianus IV (036); Δ: Codex Sangallensis 48 (037); Θ: Codex Koridethi (038); Ξ: Codex Zacynthius (040); Π: Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament) (041); Φ: Codex Beratinus (043); Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044); Ω: Codex Athous Dionysiou (045); ff¹: Codex Corbeiensis I; ff²: Codex Corbeiensis II; g¹: Codex Sangermanensis I; k: Codex Bobiensis

Critical editions: T8th: Tischendorf's 8th Edition of Editio Octava Critica Maior; WH: Westcott and Hort (1881); NA: Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland); UBS: United Bible Societies; ECM: Editio Critica Maior

Textual variants[edit]

Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy

1 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 1

1 Timothy 1:16

Ιησους (Jesus) – F G 1739 1881

Χριστος Ιησους (Christ Jesus) – A D* H Ψ 0262^vid 33 104 326 365 629 1175 lat

Ιησους Χριστος (Jesus Christ) – א D² Byz it^ar vg^mss syr

Ιησους ο Χριστος (Jesus the Christ) – 614

1 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 2

1 Timothy 2:7

αληθειαν λεγω (I am telling the truth) – א² A D* F G P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 263 330 424^c 451 459 629 1175 1505 1739 1881 1912 2492 Lect^mss lat syr cop eth Ambrosiaster Ambrose Chrysostom John^Dam

αληθειαν λεγω εγω (I am telling the truth) – 2495

αληθειαν λεγω Χριστος (I am telling the truth of Christ) – 436

αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω (I am telling the truth in Christ) – א* D² H K L 33^vid 88 181 256 326 365 424* 614 630 1241 1573 1852 1877 2127 Byz Lect^mss it^ar vg^mss goth arm slav Theodoret Euthalius

αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω Ιησου (I am telling the truth in Christ Jesus) – 1319

3 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 3

1 Timothy 3:1

ανθρωπινος (human or of a man) – D* it^b,d,g,m,mon Ambrosiaster Jerome^mss Augustine Speculum

πιστος (faithful) – rell

1 Timothy 3:14

προς σε (to you) – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 cop^sa

1 Timothy 3:16

ομολογουμεν ως (just as we are professing) – D* 1175

ομολογουμενως (admittedly) – rell

1 Timothy 3:16

ος εφανερωθη (he who was manifested) – א* A* C* F G 33 365 442 1175 2127 ℓ⁶⁰ ℓ⁵⁹⁹ syr goth eth Origen^lat Didymus Epiphanius Jerome Cyril Liberatus

ο εφανερωθη (which was manifested) – D* it vg

ω εφανερωθη (which was made manifest) – 061

ΘϹ εφανερωθη or θεος εφανερωθη (God was manifested) – א^c A^c C^c D^c K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 181 263 326 330 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1241 1319 1573 1739 1852 1877 1881 1912 1962 1984 1985 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect^mss slav Gregory Chrysostom Theodoret Euthalius Theodore of Mopsuestia

ο θεος εφανερωθη (the God was manifested) – 88

ος θεος εφανερωθη (the God who was manifested) – 256 ℓ⁵⁹⁷

1 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 4

1 Timothy 4:10

αγωνιζομεθα – א* A C F^gr G^gr K Ψ 33 88 104 326 442 915 1175

ονειδιζομεθα – א^c D L (P ονειδιζωμεθα) 81 181 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 Byz Lect

ωνειδιζομεθα – 1881 1985

3 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 5

1 Timothy 5:5

θεον (God) – C F G P Ψ 048 lat syr cop

τον θεον (of God) – א² A D² 1739 1881 Byz

τον κυριον (of the LORD) – D* 81 vg^mss

κυριον (the LORD) – א*

1 Timothy 5:19

εκτος ει μη επι δυο η τριων μαρτυρων (except from two or three witnesses) – omitted by it^b Ambrosiaster Jerome^mss Pelagius

1 Timothy 5:21

Χριστου Ιησου – א A D* G 33 81 104 365 629 latt cop Clement

Ιησου Χριστου – F Ψ 630 1175 1739 1881

κυριου Ιησου Χριστου – D² Byz syr

2 Textual variants in 1 Timothy 6

1 Timothy 6:7

οτι – א A F G 048 061 33 81 1739 1881

δηλον οτι – א^c D^c K L P Ψ 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz

αλητες οτι – D*

1 Timothy 6:21

αμην (Amen) – א² D² K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 88 104 181 256 263 326 330 365 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1175 1241 1319 1573 1739^c 1852 1877 1912 1962 1984 1985 2127 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect it^mss vg^mss syr cop^bo eth slav Ambrosiaster Theodoret John^Dam

omitted – א* A D* F G 33 81 1311 1739* 1881 it^mss vg^mss cop^sa Chrysostom Pelagius Euthalius^mss Speculum

References[edit]

^ Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
^ Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
^ Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113
^ Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 54, 62–86, 102–103. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.
^ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2022.

External links[edit]

The Comparative Critical Greek New Testament
Variantes textuais (in Portuguese)
Varianten Textus receptus versus Nestle-Aland

[1] Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)

[2] Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154

[3] Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

[4] Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 54, 62–86, 102–103. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.

[5] J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2022.

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Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy

Legend[edit]

Textual variants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]