Apollo 11 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Apollo 11

Buzz Aldrin poses on the Moon, allowing Neil Armstrong to photograph both of them using the visor's reflection.
Mission type	Crewed lunar landing
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	CSM: 1969-059A LM: 1969-059C
SATCAT no.	CSM: 4039 LM: 4041
Mission duration	8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Apollo CSM-107 Apollo LM-5
Manufacturer	CSM: North American Rockwell LM: Grumman
Launch mass	100,756 pounds (45,702 kg)
Landing mass	10,873 pounds (4,932 kg)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Neil A. Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.
Callsign	CSM: Columbia LM: Eagle On surface: Tranquility Base
Start of mission
Launch date	July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 (1969-07-16UTC13:32Z) UTC
Rocket	Saturn V SA-506
Launch site	Kennedy Space Center LC-39A
End of mission
Recovered by	USS Hornet
Landing date	July 24, 1969, 16:50:35 (1969-07-24UTC16:50:36Z) UTC
Landing site	North Pacific Ocean 13°19′N 169°9′W / 13.317°N 169.150°W / 13.317; -169.150 (Apollo 11 splashdown)
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Selenocentric
Pericynthion	100.9 kilometers (54.5 nmi)[1]
Apocynthion	122.4 kilometers (66.1 nmi)[1]
Inclination	1.25 degrees[1]
Period	2 hours[1]
Epoch	July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC[1]
Lunar orbiter
Spacecraft component	Command and service module
Orbital insertion	July 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC[2]
Orbital departure	July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC[3]
Orbits	30
Lunar lander
Spacecraft component	Apollo Lunar Module
Landing date	July 20, 1969, 20:17:40 UTC
Return launch	July 21, 1969, 17:54 UTC
Landing site	Mare Tranquillitatis Template:Lunar coords and quad cat[4]
Sample mass	21.55 kilograms (47.51 lb)
Surface EVAs	1
EVA duration	2 hours, 31 minutes, 40 seconds
Docking with LM
Docking date	July 16, 1969, 16:56:03 UTC[2]
Undocking date	July 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC[5]
Docking with LM ascent stage
Docking date	July 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC[3]
Undocking date	July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC[3]
Left to right: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin Apollo program ← Apollo 10 Apollo 12 →

Apollo 11 was the first flight to send people to the moon. It was done by NASA, the American space group. It went up to space on July 16, 1969, carrying three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon, while Collins stayed in orbit around the Moon.

The flight was part of the Space Race. It finished the plan set by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to "land a man on the moon, and return him safely to the Earth", before the 1960s ended.

The Flight[change | change source]

Going to and from space[change | change source]

Millions of people around the world viewed the flight of Apollo 11 on television. When the rocket was sent to space it was a worldwide event. Richard Nixon, who was then President, watched it from the White House as the rocket went up. A Saturn V rocket took flight from the Kennedy Space Center in America.

About two hours after leaving Earth the passenger module departed the main rocket. The passenger module had two main parts, the Apollo command and service module called Columbia and the Apollo Lunar Module called Eagle. Columbia was the space ship that stayed in space, and Eagle was the moon-landing space ship. 3 days later the team entered Lunar Orbit (orbit around the moon). A day later the Eagle went away from Columbia. The Eagle landed safely on the moon with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin inside. During the landing, there were several problems with the computer. To land safely Armstrong had to fly the Eagle himself. They landed with only 25 seconds of fuel left.^[6]

Events on the moon[change | change source]

The first thing Buzz Aldrin did upon touch down was to pray. He also read some words of Jesus.^[7] He did not reveal his plan to do this because someone had just made a lawsuit to stop astronauts from doing religious things in space. Armstrong became the first human to walk and speak on the moon's surface. The first words he said were:

That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.^[6]

"That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."

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For the next two and a half hours Aldrin and Armstrong took notes, pictures and made holes to get moon rock. The landings were watched by over six million people on Earth^[8] using the very big radio telescope in Australia. They did many experiments, for example, the collecting of moon rocks and dust. An American flag was set up and photographed on the moon. Before doing that, President Richard Nixon did a telephone call to them:^[9]

Nixon: Hello, Neil and Buzz. I'm talking to you by telephone from the Oval Room at the White House. And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone call ever made. I just can't tell you how proud we all are of what you've done. For every American, this has to be the proudest day of our lives. And for people all over the world, I am sure they too join with Americans in recognizing what an immense feat this is. Because of what you have done, the heavens have become a part of man's world. And as you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquillity, it inspires us to redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquillity to Earth. For one priceless moment in the whole history of man, all the people on this Earth are truly one: one in their pride in what you have done, and one in our prayers that you will return safely to Earth. Armstrong: Thank you, Mr. President. It's a great honor and privilege for us to be here, representing not only the United States, but men of peace of all nations, and with interest and curiosity, and men with a vision for the future. It's an honor for us to be able to participate here today.^[10]

Leaving the moon and returning to Earth[change | change source]

After finishing their work, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Eagle and slept for seven hours before starting to leave. While preparing to leave, Aldrin broke the circuit breaker in the engine starter. Armstrong used a pen to bridge the circuit and stop them from being stuck on the moon. Aldrin and Armstrong left many things on the moon: an American flag, a few experiments, a golden feather, a logo of Apollo 1 and some bronze coins honoring Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Komarov. He also left a sign on the moon, with a message from the human race. The sign reads:

Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the Moon, July 1969 A.D. We came in peace for all mankind.^[11]

On July 24 the three astronauts returned to Earth and were immediately placed into quarantine (kept away from other people), in case they brought back some disease from the moon. They stayed in quarantine for three weeks. When they got out the men were heroes around the world. They had dinner with President Nixon, a parade in New York City and another one in Chicago. The three were also on many television shows.

Photos[change | change source]

• 
  The Saturn V rocket carrying the Apollo 11's three people into space.
• 
  Buzz Aldrin's footprint on the moon's surface.
• 
  Buzz Aldrin with the US flag soon after stepping onto the surface.
• 
  Apollo 11 astronauts and President Nixon.

Related pages[change | change source]

• Apollo Program
• Moon landing conspiracy theories

References[change | change source]

Other websites[change | change source]

Media related to Apollo 11 at Wikimedia Commons

• The Apollo Program Archived 2011-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
• Apollo 11 Image Gallery
• The History Place: Apollo 11
• Apollo 11 Mission