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Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are artificial languages built by simplifying the grammar and reducing the number of words in the language to avoid ambiguity or complexity.
There are two types of controlled languages: some designed to help non-native speakers of a language, and some designed to enable automatic semantic analysis.
The first type of languages are often called "simplified" or "technical" languages. They are used by businesses or industries to improve the quality of technical writing. The standard terms simplify the semi-automatic translation to other languages. Examples are: the ASD Sim Technical English, Caterpillar Technical English, and IBM's Easy English.
Simplified (or technical) languages guide the writer by general rules such as "write short and simple sentences", "use the person's name ("John Smith" for example) instead of saying "him", and "talk about who is doing something, rather than what is being done, unless you need to say what is being done".[1]
The second type of languages have well defined rules for writing and understanding. These rules can be matched to formal languages, such as first-order logic. The languages can be analysed by computer. They can be checked to see they are correct. They can be searched for information easily.
Languages[change | change source]
Existing controlled natural languages include:[2][3]
- Globish
- Attempto Controlled English[4]
- Basic English[5]
- ClearTalk
- Common Logic Controlled English[6]
- E-Prime
- Gellish Formal English
- ModeLang[7]
- Newspeak
- Plain English
- Processable English (PENG)[8]
- Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules
- Special English
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Muegge, Uwe (2007). "Controlled language: the next big thing in translation?". ClientSide News Magazine. 7 (7). ClientSide Publications: 21–24.
- ↑ Kuhn, Tobias (2014). "A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages". Computational Linguistics. 40: 121–170. doi:10.1162/COLI_a_00168. S2CID 14586568.
- ↑ Pool, Jonathan (2006). "Can Controlled Languages Scale to the Web?". Archived from the original on 2009-08-15.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Norbert E. Fuchs; Kaarel Kaljurand; Gerold Schneider (2006). "Attempto Controlled English Meets the Challenges of Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, Interoperability and User Interfaces" (PDF). FLAIRS 2006.
- ↑ Ogden, Charles Kay (1930). Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. London: Paul Treber & Co., Ltd.
- ↑ "Common Logic Controlled English". www.jfsowa.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ↑ Wasik, Szymon; Prejzendanc, Tomasz; Blazewicz, Jacek (2013). "ModeLang: A New Approach for Experts-Friendly Viral Infections Modeling". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine. 2013: 320715. doi:10.1155/2013/320715. PMC 3878415. PMID 24454531.
- ↑ Schwitter, Rolf; Tilbrook, M (2004). "PENG: Processable ENGlish". Technical Report, Macquarie University, Australia.
Other websites[change | change source]
- Controlled Natural Languages (Macquarie University)
- Overview of Controlled English and HyperSTE, customizable Controlled English checker
- Simplus – Simplified English Checker[permanent dead link]
- Freelance Translation
- acrolinx® Information Quality Suite Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine – Customizable controlled language checker for many authoring environments
- PERMIS Policy Editor uses controlled English in its user interface
- Akis, Jennifer Wells, and William R. Sisson. (2002) Improving Translatability: A Case Study at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Archived 2011-05-23 at the Wayback MachineGlobalization Insider (Localization Industry Standards Association's e-magazine).
- Kohl, John R. (2008) Language Quality-Assurance Software: Optimizing Your Documentation for a Global Audience.Intercom 55.5 (May), pp. 6–9.
- Kohl, John R. (2007) Assisted Writing and Editing at SAS. ClientSideNews Magazine 7.8 (August): 7-10.