中国-蒙古国联合蒙文转写是用来将蒙古文(传统蒙古文、托忒文、满文、锡伯文,以及达斡尔文、鄂温克文)转写为拉丁字母的一系列转写方案。
- 1997年8月,中国、蒙古国、德国共同向ISO提出了一套蒙古文转写方案,以替代过时的鲍培式方案;苦于错过了申报期限,未果,此即ISO/CD 14522《蒙古文拉丁转写方案》。
- 在此基础上,2005年7月中国、蒙古国再次共同向ISO提出一套蒙古文转写方案(ISO/TC 46/WG 3)。此方案由于直接与统一码(Unicode)挂钩,是完全无损的蒙古文转写,此即本文所述方案。
方案表[编辑]
蒙古文统一码 | 通用转写 | 胡都木转写 | 托忒转写 | 锡伯文转写 | 满文转写 |
᠀ | & | & | & | | |
᠁ | … | … | … | … | |
᠂ | , | , | | | |
᠃ | . | . | | | |
᠄ | : | : | : | : | |
᠅ | # | # | # | | |
᠆ | –' | | – | | |
᠇ | –" | | | – | |
᠈ | ,' | | | | , |
᠉ | .' | | | | . |
᠊ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
(FVS1) | ' | ' | ' | ' | ' |
(FVS2) | " | " | " | " | " |
(FVS3) | ` | ` | ` | ` | ` |
(MVS) | _ | _ | | | |
᠐ | '0 | '0 | '0 | | |
᠑ | '1 | '1 | '1 | | |
᠒ | '2 | '2 | '2 | | |
᠓ | '3 | '3 | '3 | | |
᠔ | '4 | '4 | '4 | | |
᠕ | '5 | '5 | '5 | | |
᠖ | '6 | '6 | '6 | | |
᠗ | '7 | '7 | '7 | | |
᠘ | '8 | '8 | '8 | | |
᠙ | '9 | '9 | '9 | | |
︑ | ," | | , | | |
︐ | ,` | | ,` | | |
︒ | ." | | . | | |
ᠠ | a | a | a | a | a |
ᠡ | e | e | | | |
ᠢ | i | i | | | |
ᠣ | o | o | | o | o |
ᠤ | u | u | | | |
ᠥ | ö | ö | | | |
ᠦ | ü | ü | | | |
ᠧ | ë | ë | | | |
ᠨ | n | n | n | n | n |
ᠩ | ng | ng | | | ng |
ᠪ | b | b | | b | b |
ᠫ | p | p | | | |
ᠬ | x | x | | | |
ᠭ | g | g | | | |
ᠮ | m | m | | m | m |
ᠯ | l | l | l | l | l |
ᠰ | s | s | s | s | s |
ᠱ | š | š | š | | |
ᠲ | t | t | | | |
ᠳ | d | d | | | |
ᠴ | č | č | z | c | c |
ᠵ | ǰ | ǰ | | | j |
ᠶ | y | y | (y') | y | y |
ᠷ | r | r | r | r | |
ᠸ | w | w | f | w | w/f |
ᠹ | f | f | | | |
ᠺ | k | k | (k') | ḱ | ḱ |
ᠻ | ḳ | ḳ | ḳ | | |
ᠼ | c | c | | | |
ᠽ | z | z | | | |
ᠾ | h | h | | | |
ᠿ | ž | ž | | | |
ᡀ | lh | lh | | | |
ᡁ | ẑ | ẑ | | | |
ᡂ | ĉ | ĉ | | | |
ᡃ | ː | | ː | | |
ᡄ | é | | e | | |
ᡅ | í | | i | | |
ᡆ | ó | | o | | |
ᡇ | ú | | u | | |
ᡈ | ő | | ö | | |
ᡉ | ű | | ü | | |
ᡊ | ṅ | | ng | | |
ᡋ | ḃ | | b | | |
ᡌ | ṗ | | p | | |
ᡍ | ẋ | | x | | |
ᡎ | ġ | | g | | |
ᡏ | ṁ | | m | | |
ᡐ | ṫ | | t | | |
ᡑ | ḋ | | d | | |
ᡒ | ċ | | č | | |
ᡓ | j | | ǰ | | |
ᡔ | ć | | c | | |
ᡕ | ẏ | | y | | |
ᡖ | ẇ | | w | | |
ᡗ | ḱ | | k | | |
ᡘ | ģ | | ģ | | |
ᡙ | ḣ | | h | | |
ᡚ | ĵ | | ĵ | | |
ᡛ | ń | ń | ń | | |
ᡜ | ź | | ź | | |
ᡝ | è | | | e | e |
ᡞ | ì | | | i | |
ᡟ | ï | | | ï | ï |
ᡠ | ȕ | | | u | u |
ᡡ | ū | | | ū | ū |
ᡢ | ň | | | ng | |
ᡣ | ǩ | | | k | |
ᡤ | ǧ | | | g | g |
ᡥ | ẍ | | | x | x |
ᡦ | ṕ | | | p | p |
ᡧ | ś | | | š | š |
ᡨ | ṭ | | | t | t |
ᡩ | ḍ | | | d | d |
ᡪ | ƶ | | | j | |
ᡫ | ƒ | | | f | |
ᡬ | ĝ | | | ġ | ġ |
ᡭ | x̊ | | | x̊ | x̊ |
ᡮ | ts | | | ts | ts |
ᡯ | dz | | | dz | dz |
ᡰ | ẓ | | | ž | ž |
ᡱ | ḉ | | | ḉ | ḉ |
ᡲ | ʒ | | | ʒ | |
ᡳ | î | | | | i |
ᡴ | ķ | | | | k |
ᡵ | ṛ | | | | r |
ᡶ | ḟ | | | | f |
ᡷ | ď | | | | ď |
ᢀ | ṃ | ṃ | ṃ | | ṃ |
ᢁ | ḥ | ḥ | ḥ | | ḥ |
ᢂ | â | â | â | | â |
ᢃ | ŏ | ŏ | ŏ | | ŏ |
ᢄ | ȏ | ȏ | ȏ | | ȏ |
ᢅ | ˑ | ˑ | ˑ | | ˑ |
ᢆ | ːˑ | ːˑ | ːˑ | | ːˑ |
ᢇ | ā | ā | | | ā |
ᢈ | ī | ī | | | |
ᢉ | ḵ | ḵ | ḵ | | |
ᢊ | ṉ | ṉ | ṉ | | |
ᢋ | ƈ | ƈ | ƈ | | |
ᢌ | ť | ť | ť | | |
ᢍ | ţ | ţ | ţ | | |
ᢎ | ḏ | ḏ | ḏ | | |
ᢏ | ņ | ņ | ņ | | ņ |
ᢐ | ṯ | ṯ | ṯ | | |
ᢑ | ḓ | ḓ | ḓ | | |
ᢒ | p̄ | p̄ | p̄ | | |
ᢓ | ṕh | ṕh | ṕh | | |
ᢔ | ş | ş | ş | | |
ᢕ | ẖ | ẖ | ẖ | | |
ᢖ | ẕ | ẕ | ẕ | | |
ᢗ | ʒ̄ | ʒ̄ | ʒ̄ | | |
ᢘ | ŧ | | ŧ | | |
ᢙ | ǯ | | ǯ | | |
ᢚ | g̊ | | | | g̊ |
ᢛ | ŋ | | | | ŋ |
ᢜ | c̊ | | | | c̊ |
ᢝ | żh | | | | żh |
ᢞ | ṱ | | | | ṱ |
ᢟ | ḑ | | | | ḑ |
ᢠ | t́ | | | | t́ |
ᢡ | đ | | | | đ |
ᢢ | ŝ | | | | ŝ |
ᢣ | c̯ | | | | c̯ |
ᢤ | ʒ̊ | | | | ʒ̊ |
ᢥ | z̊ | | | | z̊ |
ᢦ | ŭ | ŭ | ŭ | | |
ᢧ | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | | |
ᢨ | b̊ | | | | b̊ |
ᢩ | ̲ | ̲ | | | |
ᢪ | lh | | | | lh |
(ZWNJ) | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ |
(ZWJ) | * | * | * | * | * |
(NNBSP) | - | - | - | - | - |
蒙古文统一码 | 通用转写 | 胡都木转写 | 托忒转写 | 锡伯文转写 | 满文转写 |
与鲍培氏转写对比[编辑]
- 鲍培氏转写针对的是古蒙古语,因此转写系统中有诸如q、γ等古代阿尔泰语(在现代突厥语族的大部分语言中保留)小舌音。而中蒙联合转写针对现代普通蒙古语(察哈尔、喀尔喀、科尔沁、鄂尔多斯等方言)、现代卫拉特蒙古语(新疆、科布多)、满语、锡伯语设置了分别的转写方案,同时又设计了统一的通用方案。
- 对一切不合常规的写法,鲍培氏转写和中蒙联合转写有着不同的解读。例如ᠵᠠᠩᠭᢈᠯ(新闻)一词中的gi,鲍培氏转写将其解读为阳性的γ与中性元音i相拼,转为ǰangγil;而中蒙联合转写中γ、g为同一字母,于是将其解读为阿里嘎里字母ᢈ的影响,转写为ǰanggīl。同样有ᠰᠠᠬᢈᠬᠤ:saqiqu→saxīxu;ᢉᠠᠯᠠᠪ᠋:galab→ḵalab'等等。
- 中蒙联合转写极其严格,HYPHEN-MINUS“-”、HYPHEN“‐”、EN DASH“–”、LOW LINE“_”在转写系统中被用在四个完全不同的用途上,而前三者长相上并不易区分。
关联条目[编辑]