羅塞-朵夫曼病 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

羅塞-朵夫曼病
异名羅塞-朵夫曼-德東貝病、竇組織細胞增生伴巨大淋巴結病
患者頸部因羅塞-朵夫曼病導致淋巴結腫大;細針抽吸樣本的蘇木素-伊紅染色顯示組織細胞內有完整的淋巴細胞漿細胞(即淋巴細胞內泳現象)。
症状無痛性雙側頸部淋巴結腫大發燒體重減輕盜汗[1][2];結外病灶取決於受累器官,如皮疹、鼻塞、骨痛、癲癇等[1][3]
併發症器官功能受損(取決於結外受累部位)、自身免疫性溶血性貧血[1]澱粉樣變性[4]
起病年龄好發於兒童及年輕成人,平均發病年齡約 20.6 歲(典型淋巴結型)[1];皮膚型平均發病年齡較大(約 43.5 歲)[5]
病程病程不一,部分可自行緩解,部分需治療[4]
类型淋巴結型、結外型、皮膚型[6];散發性、家族性(如 H 綜合症、ALPS 相關)[6];與腫瘤相關、與免疫疾病相關[6]
病因不明;過去認為是反應性增生,近期發現部分病例存在克隆性基因突變(如 MAP2K1、KRAS 等)[7][8]
风险因素家族史(罕見的家族型);與某些免疫疾病(如 SLE)或腫瘤(如淋巴瘤)可能相關[1][6]
診斷方法淋巴結或組織活體組織檢查的組織病理學特徵(S100+ 組織細胞、淋巴細胞內泳現象)及免疫組織化學染色(排除 LCH)[2][1]
鑑別診斷蘭格罕細胞組織球增生症 (LCH)、反應性竇組織細胞增生、間變性大細胞淋巴瘤 (ALCL)、轉移癌、惡性黑色素瘤戈謝病惠普爾病霍奇金淋巴瘤幼年型黃色肉芽腫 (JXG)(皮膚型)、IgG4 相關疾病[9]
預防無法預防
治療無症狀者可觀察[3];有症狀或重要器官受累者可考慮手術切除(局灶性)、皮質類固醇西羅莫司化療放射治療[3]
藥物皮質類固醇西羅莫司、化療藥物
预后大多數預後良好,約 50% 可自行緩解[4];約 10% 可能因併發症死亡[1][4]
患病率罕見
死亡數約 10%,多與直接併發症、感染或澱粉樣變性有關[1][4]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科病理學血液學腫瘤學免疫學
ICD-10D76.3
ICD-9-CM277.89
DiseasesDB31419
Orphanet158014
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

羅塞-朵夫曼病(英語:Rosai-Dorfman disease, RDD),亦稱為羅塞-朵夫曼-德東貝病(英語:Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease)或竇組織細胞增生伴巨大淋巴結病(英語:Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, SHML),是一種罕見的組織細胞增生性疾病[10][2]。此病最早由 Destombes 於 1965 年描述,後於 1969 年由 Rosai 和 Dorfman 詳細闡述並命名為 SHML[10][2]。過去,組織細胞學會 (Histiocyte Society) 將其歸類為非蘭格罕細胞組織細胞增生症[11]。基於近年對其病理、遺傳和分子特徵的新認識,該學會在 2016 年重新分類,將典型的 RDD(包括家族性、散發性及其他非皮膚、非蘭格罕組織細胞增生症)歸入「R 組」組織細胞增生症[6]。而皮膚型RDD則因其獨特的臨床和流行病學特徵,被單獨歸入「C 組」[6]

RDD 最典型的表現是兒童或年輕成人出現雙側頸部淋巴結無痛性腫大,但也可能影響淋巴結以外的器官(結外 RDD)[2][1]。雖然過去認為 RDD 是一種反應性、非腫瘤性的疾病,但近年的研究發現部分病例存在克隆性基因突變,提示其可能具有腫瘤性質[7][8]。RDD 與 IgG4 相關疾病 (IgG4-related disease, IgG4-RD) 之間的關聯性仍存在爭議[12][13]

病因及發病機制

[编辑]

RDD 的確切病因和發病機制尚未完全闡明。過去普遍認為這是一種反應性的、非腫瘤性的組織細胞增生過程,缺乏克隆性證據,因此未被納入 2017 年世界衛生組織的造血與淋巴組織腫瘤分類中[9]。然而,近年來越來越多的證據顯示,至少一部分 RDD 病例具有克隆性。

研究發現,在淋巴結型和結外型 RDD(而非皮膚型RDD)中存在激酶突變,涉及的基因包括 ARAF[8]MAP2K1[7][14]NRAS[8]KRAS[8][7][15][16][17]。一項研究顯示,高達 33% 的 RDD 病例帶有 KRASMAP2K1 突變[7]。另一項針對 17 例 RDD 的研究利用標靶 DNA/RNA 測序和全外顯子組測序,發現了涉及 KRAS (4/17)、MAP2K1 (2/17)、NRAS (1/17)、ARAF (1/17) 和 CSF1R (1/17) 的驅動突變[8]。此外,還發現了涉及細胞內運輸 (SNX24)、轉錄調控 (CIC, INTS2, SFR1, BRD4, PHOX2B)、細胞週期調控 (PDS5A, MUC4)、DNA 錯配修復 (ERCC2, LATS2, BRCA1, ATM) 和泛素蛋白酶體途徑 (USP35) 的基因變異[8]

BRAF V600E 突變常見於其他組織細胞腫瘤如蘭格罕細胞組織球增生症[18]埃爾德海姆-切斯特病 (Erdheim-Chester disease, ECD)[19][20],但在 RDD 中則較為罕見。多項研究檢測了大量 RDD 病例,均未發現 BRAF V600E 突變[19][21][22][23]。然而,近期有零星報導發現了 BRAF 突變。Fatobene 等人利用高靈敏度的數字 PCR 技術在一個淋巴結 RDD 病例中檢測到 BRAF V600E 突變[14]。Mastropolo 等人則在一個同時患有 RDD 和 LCH 的病例中,通過檢測外周血單核細胞發現了 BRAF V600E 突變[24]。Richardson 等人則在一個中樞神經系統 RDD 病例中發現了 BRAF 基因第 12 外顯子的一個罕見缺失突變[16] (見表 1)。

儘管 RDD 細胞表達 S100 蛋白(通常見於樹突狀細胞),但目前認為其來源細胞更可能是活化的巨噬細胞而非樹突狀細胞[25]。研究人員曾試圖尋找可能的病毒誘因,如人類疱疹病毒第六型 (HHV-6)、微小病毒 B19 和 EB 病毒,但未能證實其致病關聯[26][27][28]

分類

[编辑]

根據 2016 年組織細胞學會的分類[6],RDD 主要分為以下幾類:

  • R組:
  • 家族性RDD:
    • H綜合症(H syndrome / Faisalabad histiocytosis):由 SLC29A3 基因突變引起的體染色體隱性遺傳病,約 20% 的患者會出現 RDD(淋巴結和/或結外,如皮膚、鼻腔)[57][58][59][60][61][62]。其特徵包括皮膚色素沉著過度、多毛症、肝脾腫大、聽力喪失、心臟異常、性腺功能低下、身材矮小、高血糖和拇趾外翻等[63][64][65]
    • FAS缺乏或自身免疫性淋巴增生綜合症(ALPS)相關的RDD:由 TNFRSF6 基因的胚系突變引起[66]。一項研究發現 41% 的 ALPS 患者有淋巴結 RDD[66]。僅有一例涉及脾臟的結外 RDD 在此背景下被報導[50]
  • C 組:
    • 皮膚型RDD(Cutaneous RDD): 被認為是獨立的疾病實體,歸類於皮膚組織細胞增生症中的非黃色肉芽腫家族[6]

臨床表現

[编辑]

典型RDD

[编辑]

典型RDD最常見的表現是雙側、無痛性頸部淋巴結顯著腫大,常伴有發燒體重減輕盜汗等全身症狀[2][67]。此病好發於兒童和年輕成人,平均發病年齡約 20.6 歲,在非洲裔人群中較常見,男性略多於女性(男女比例約 1.4:1)[1]。除了頸部淋巴結,腹股溝、腹膜後和縱膈腔的淋巴結也可能受累[6][67]

結外型RDD

[编辑]

超過 40% 的 RDD 患者會出現淋巴結以外的器官受累(結外 RDD)[1][56][5][68][69]。少數情況下,結外 RDD 可能在沒有淋巴結腫大的情況下單獨發生,這類患者通常年齡較大,且人口統計學特徵與典型 RDD 不同[1][56][5][68][3]。常見的結外受累部位包括:

骨骼受累在 X 光片上通常表現為邊界清晰、伴有硬化邊緣的溶骨性病灶,約 10% 的骨骼 RDD 患者同時有淋巴結受累[1][71][74]。中樞神經系統受累在臨床上可能類似腦膜瘤,且通常不伴有淋巴結病變[68][73]。孤立的顱內 RDD 也有報導[75]

皮膚型RDD

[编辑]

皮膚 RDD 患者的平均發病年齡(約 43.5 歲)比典型 RDD 患者大,女性比例更高(約 2:1),且在亞洲和白種人群中比例較高[5]。這類患者通常沒有全身性疾病或其他器官受累,即使長期追蹤,病變也傾向於局限在皮膚[5][69]。最常見的皮膚表現是丘疹和結節(約 80%),其他表現還包括硬化性斑塊、腫瘤樣病灶、痤瘡樣病灶或發疹性黃色瘤樣病灶[69][76][77]

實驗室檢查

[编辑]

實驗室檢查可能發現紅血球沉降率升高、白血球增多、高丙種球蛋白血症和自身免疫性溶血性貧血等[56]

病理學發現

[编辑]

肉眼所見

[编辑]

受RDD影響的淋巴結通常腫大、相互粘連,形成堅實的多結節狀腫塊。切面呈黃白色,淋巴結包膜可能增厚纖維化[2][1]

顯微鏡下所見

[编辑]

RDD 在顯微鏡下最顯著的特徵是淋巴竇極度擴張[2]。在晚期病例中,淋巴結結構可能被彌漫浸潤的組織細胞所破壞。皮質區可見大量活化的 B 細胞和成熟漿細胞,幾乎沒有濾泡形成,這些深染的淋巴漿細胞區域與淺染的組織細胞區域交替出現,形成「明暗相間」的外觀。

擴張的淋巴竇內充滿了大量體積較大的組織細胞,這些細胞的細胞核染色質較少、輪廓光滑,具有小而清晰的圓形核仁,細胞質豐富、淡染、呈羽毛狀或絲縷狀)[2][1]。偶爾可見多核細胞、細胞異型性和罕見的有絲分裂象,但大多數細胞仍保持光滑的核輪廓和豐富的淡染細胞質。

一個非常有用的特徵是emperipolesis英语淋巴細胞內泳現象,指的是在 RDD 組織細胞的細胞質內可見到完整的、未被消化的淋巴細胞、漿細胞或中性粒細胞等。這些細胞位於胞質空泡內或自由漂浮。雖然此現象很有提示性,但並非 RDD 所特有,也非診斷所必需,尤其在結外病灶中可能不明顯或缺乏[3]。背景中可見中性粒細胞,有時形成微小膿腫,而嗜酸性粒細胞通常缺如。病灶中可能出現明顯的纖維化或硬化,呈席紋狀 (storiform) 排列,並可見小葉狀結構。

結外病灶的組織學形態與淋巴結 RDD 非常相似,但可能表現出更明顯的淋巴濾泡及生發中心、更顯著的纖維化/硬化、相對較少的組織細胞以及更不明顯的淋巴細胞內泳現象[3]

皮膚型RDD通常是真皮層的病變,有時可累及皮下組織[5]。病灶通常呈結節狀,邊界不清,可浸潤周圍組織。同樣可見具有淋巴細胞內泳現象的典型 RDD 組織細胞。這些細胞可以呈帶狀或片狀分佈,形成明暗相間的外觀,或者呈雜亂分佈,低倍鏡下類似「星空」樣。漿細胞和中性粒細胞常常存在,並可能形成微小膿腫。

需要注意的是,RDD可能與淋巴瘤、ECD或LCH同時存在。若懷疑合併其他疾病,需仔細檢查標本[3]。根據共識,只有當RDD病灶佔據超過10%的組織時,才能診斷為「與腫瘤相關的RDD」[3]

細針抽吸細胞學檢查

[编辑]

細針抽吸塗片可見背景為混合性的淋巴細胞群,包括淋巴細胞、漿細胞,並散佈著體積較大的組織細胞。這些組織細胞具有卵圓形、染色質疏鬆的細胞核和明顯的核仁,細胞質豐富、呈羽毛狀,可見淋巴細胞內泳現象[78]

輔助檢查

[编辑]

免疫組織化學染色對於確診 RDD 和排除其他疾病至關重要。RDD 的組織細胞特徵性地表達 S100 蛋白、CD68CD163,並且 CD1aLangerin (CD207) 染色呈陰性,後兩者陰性有助於排除 LCH[9]。S100 染色常常能更清晰地顯示淋巴細胞內泳現象。背景中的漿細胞會表達 CD38、CD138 和 MUM1。

部分 RDD 病例中可見大量 IgG4 陽性漿細胞[12]。基於專家共識,組織細胞學會建議所有 RDD 病例都應進行 IgG4 染色檢測(證據等級 D2)[6]。關於 IgG4 陽性漿細胞增多的意義,詳見「與 IgG4 相關疾病的關聯」一節。

診斷

[编辑]

RDD 的診斷主要依賴於組織病理學檢查。在腫大的淋巴結或其他受累組織的活檢標本中,觀察到特徵性的組織學改變,即淋巴竇擴張,充滿大的、細胞質淡染、表達 S100 蛋白的組織細胞,並常見淋巴細胞內泳現象,同時排除 LCH(CD1a/Langerin 陰性),即可確診[2][1]。免疫組織化學染色是必不可少的輔助手段。

鑑別診斷

[编辑]

RDD 需要與多種疾病進行鑑別診斷:

  • 蘭格罕細胞組織球增生症 (LCH):這是最重要的鑑別診斷。LCH 的組織細胞核常有溝槽(咖啡豆樣),通常伴有嗜酸性粒細胞浸潤,且免疫染色表達 CD1a 和 Langerin,而 RDD 則缺乏這些特徵。兩者均可表達 S100。需要注意 RDD 和 LCH 可能同時存在[52][53]
  • 反應性竇組織細胞增生:缺乏 RDD 特徵性的組織細胞形態和 S100 陽性。
  • 間變性大細胞淋巴瘤 (ALCL):腫瘤細胞核異型性更明顯,可見「標誌細胞」(hallmark cells),表達 CD30。
  • 轉移癌惡性黑色素瘤:通常缺乏淋巴細胞內泳現象。癌細胞表達細胞角蛋白 (cytokeratin),黑色素瘤細胞表達 HMB45、Melan-A 和 SOX10(雖然也表達 S100)。
  • 其他儲積病或感染:如戈謝病(組織細胞胞質呈「皺紙樣」)、惠普爾病(巨噬細胞內含 PAS 陽性桿菌,常累及腸繫膜淋巴結)。
  • 霍奇金淋巴瘤:可見典型的 Reed-Sternberg 細胞或 Hodgkin 細胞,表達 CD30 和 CD15,S100 陰性。
  • 頭頸部病變:需與鼻硬結病 (rhinoscleroma)、肉芽腫性多血管炎 (GPA)、結外 NK/T 細胞淋巴瘤等鑑別。
  • 皮膚病變:需與幼年型黃色肉芽腫 (JXG) 鑑別,後者組織細胞 S100 陰性,可見 Touton 巨細胞,缺乏淋巴細胞內泳現象。
  • IgG4 相關疾病:尤其對於伴有明顯纖維化(特別是席紋狀纖維化)和大量漿細胞浸潤的 RDD 病例(尤其是皮膚 RDD),需要與 IgG4 相關疾病鑑別。

與 IgG4 相關疾病的關聯

[编辑]

RDD 與 IgG4 相關疾病 (IgG4-RD) 之間是否存在關聯是一個有爭議的話題。部分 RDD 病例,特別是皮膚 RDD,可以表現出與 IgG4-RD 相似的組織學特徵,例如席紋狀纖維化和豐富的漿細胞浸潤[9]。自 2009 年 Kuo 等人首次報導在皮膚 RDD 中發現大量 IgG4 陽性漿細胞以來[12],後續有多項研究在淋巴結和結外 RDD 中也觀察到類似現象,部分病例的 IgG4/IgG 漿細胞比例升高(見表 3)[79][80][81][82][83][84][85]

然而,這種關聯並未得到普遍接受[13]。一些研究並未發現 RDD 中 IgG4 陽性漿細胞的顯著增加[84][86][85]。重要的是,2012 年關於 IgG4-RD 病理學的共識聲明[13] 和 2015 年關於其管理和治療的共識指南[87] 均強調,IgG4-RD 的診斷需要結合臨床、血清學和組織學等多方面證據,單純的組織學發現(包括 IgG4 陽性漿細胞數量增加)本身並不具備診斷特異性,因為許多其他炎性疾病也可能出現此現象[13]。事實上,RDD 被列為可能在臨床或組織學上模仿 IgG4-RD 的疾病之一[87]

儘管如此,基於專家意見,組織細胞學會在其 2016 年的分類中建議所有 RDD 病例都應進行 IgG4 染色檢測[6]。然而,如何解讀檢測結果目前尚無明確指南。在實踐中,病理報告應記錄 IgG4 陽性漿細胞的數量(通常以每高倍視野下的平均細胞數表示),並註明單獨此項結果在缺乏其他支持 IgG4-RD 的臨床、血清學或影像學證據時意義不明[9]

治療與預後

[编辑]

散發性 RDD 通常是一種自限性疾病,預後良好,高達 50% 的病例無需治療即可自行緩解[4]。然而,約有 10% 的患者可能因疾病的直接併發症、繼發感染或澱粉樣變性而死亡[1][4]

2018 年發布了關於 RDD 診斷和臨床管理的共識建議[3]。對於無症狀的淋巴結病變或皮膚病變,建議採取觀察等待的策略[3]。對於局灶性的結外病變,或出現氣道、顱內、脊髓或鼻竇等部位壓迫症狀時,可考慮手術切除[3]。對於多灶性、無法切除的結外病變,則可能需要全身性治療。目前尚無標準化的治療方案,可選用的治療方法包括皮質類固醇西羅莫司 (sirolimus)、放射治療化學治療和免疫調節治療等[3]

目前尚缺乏足夠證據明確分子變異與預後的關係。共識建議對於病情嚴重或難治的 RDD 患者,可考慮進行針對 MAPK 信號通路相關基因的次世代測序,若發現驅動突變,可考慮使用標靶治療[3]

參見

[编辑]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity. Semin Diagn Pathol. February 1990, 7 (1): 19–73. PMID 2180016. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Rosai J, Dorfman RF. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. A newly recognized benign clinicopathological entity. Arch Pathol. January 1969, 87 (1): 63–70. PMID 5782438. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Abla O, Jacobsen E, Picarsic J, et al. Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and clinical management of Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease. Blood. 28 June 2018, 131 (26): 2877–90. PMC 6024647可免费查阅. PMID 29555513. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-03-839753. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Pulsoni A, Anghel G, Falcucci P, et al. Treatment of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a case and literature review. Am J Hematol. January 2002, 69 (1): 67–71. PMID 11835313. doi:10.1002/ajh.10008. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Brenn T, Calonje E, Granter SR, et al. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is a distinct clinical entity. Am J Dermatopathol. October 2002, 24 (5): 385–91. PMID 12352062. doi:10.1097/00000372-200210000-00001. 
  6. ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Emile JF, Abla O, Fraitag S, et al. Revised classification of histiocytoses and neoplasms of the macrophage-dendritic cell lineages. Blood. 2 June 2016, 127 (22): 2672–81. PMC 5161007可免费查阅. PMID 26997623. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-690636. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Garces S, Medeiros LJ, Patel KP, et al. Mutually exclusive recurrent KRAS and MAP2K1 mutations in Rosai-Dorfman disease. Mod Pathol. October 2017, 30 (10): 1367–1377. PMID 28664921. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2017.60. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Diamond EL, Durham BH, Haroche J, et al. Diverse and targetable kinase alterations drive histiocytic neoplasms. Cancer Discov. February 2016, 6 (2): 154–65. PMC 4744491可免费查阅. PMID 26566875. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0914. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Bruce-Brand C, Schneider JW, Schubert P. Rosai-Dorfman disease: an overview. J Clin Pathol. November 2020, 73 (11): 697–705. PMID 32591416. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206733. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Destombes P. Adénites avec surcharge lipidique, de l'enfant ou de l'adulte jeune, observées aux Antilles et au Mali. (Quatre observations). Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. Nov-Dec 1965, 58 (6): 1169–75. PMID 5899540. 
  11. ^ Chu T, D'Angio GJ, Favara B, Ladisch S, Nesbit M, Pritchard J. Histiocytosis syndromes in children. Writing Group of the Histiocyte Society. Lancet. 24 January 1987, 1 (8526): 208–9. PMID 2879400. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91911-7. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Kuo TT, Chen TC, Lee LY, et al. IgG4-positive plasma cells in cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease: an additional immunohistochemical feature and possible relationship to IgG4-related sclerosing disease. J Cutan Pathol. October 2009, 36 (10): 1069–73. PMID 19486463. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01240.x. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Deshpande V, Zen Y, Chan JK, et al. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol. September 2012, 25 (9): 1181–92. PMID 22596160. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.72. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Fatobene G, Haroche J, Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, et al. BRAF V600E mutation detected in a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Haematologica. June 2018, 103 (6): e273–e275. PMC 6058787可免费查阅. PMID 29519867. doi:10.3324/haematol.2017.186818. 
  15. ^ Zhan H, Jia L, Zhang K, et al. KRAS and NRAS mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease and Rosai-Dorfman disease. Histopathology. December 2016, 69 (6): 1065–1072. PMID 27311218. doi:10.1111/his.13020. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Richardson TE, Wachsmann M, Oliver D, et al. BRAF Mutation Leading to Central Nervous System Rosai-Dorfman Disease. World Neurosurg. July 2018, 115: 242–246. PMID 29709650. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.171. 
  17. ^ Shanmugam V, Margolskee E, Kluk M, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease harboring KRAS K117N missense mutation. Head Neck Pathol. September 2016, 10 (3): 394–9. PMC 4972758可免费查阅. PMID 26910364. doi:10.1007/s12105-016-0705-1. 
  18. ^ Badalian-Very G, Vergilio JA, Degar BA, et al. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 16 September 2010, 116 (11): 1919–23. PMC 2947398可免费查阅. PMID 20519626. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-04-279083. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Haroche J, Charlotte F, Arnaud L, et al. High prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease but not in other non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. Blood. 27 September 2012, 120 (13): 2700–3. PMID 22872539. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-05-430130. 
  20. ^ Diamond EL, Abdel-Wahab O, Pentsova E, et al. Detection of an NRAS mutation in Erdheim-Chester disease. Blood. 17 April 2014, 123 (16): 2591–3. PMC 4014840可免费查阅. PMID 24603910. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-01-550871. 
  21. ^ Chakraborty R, Hampton OA, Shen X, et al. Mutually exclusive recurrent somatic mutations in MAP2K1 and BRAF support a central role for ERK activation in LCH pathogenesis. Blood. 6 November 2014, 124 (19): 3007–15. PMC 4223469可免费查阅. PMID 25183751. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-05-577825. 
  22. ^ Go H, Jeon YK, Huh J, et al. Frequent detection of BRAF(V600E) mutations in histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms. Histopathology. August 2014, 65 (2): 261–72. PMID 24641400. doi:10.1111/his.12378. 
  23. ^ Cohen Aubart F, Emile JF, Carrat F, et al. Targeted therapies in 54 patients with Erdheim-Chester disease, including follow-up after interruption (the TAIGER study). Blood. 14 September 2017, 130 (11): 1377–1380. PMID 28754674. doi:10.1182/blood-2017-04-780692. 
  24. ^ Mastropolo R, Platzbecker U, Wermke M. Detection of BRAF V600E mutation in systemic mixed Rosai-Dorfman disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 21 March 2019, 133 (12): 1390. PMID 30898836. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-01-893866. 
  25. ^ Paulli M, Rosso R, Kindl S, et al. Immunophenotypic characterization of the cell infiltrate in five cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Hum Pathol. June 1992, 23 (6): 647–54. PMID 1377448. doi:10.1016/0046-8177(92)90328-h. 
  26. ^ Levine PH, Jahan N, Murari P, Manak M, Jaffe ES. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in tissues of patients with sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). J Infect Dis. August 1992, 166 (2): 291–5. PMID 1321910. doi:10.1093/infdis/166.2.291. 
  27. ^ Lu D, Estalilla OC, Manning JT, Medeiros LJ. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy and Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report and review of the relationship. Arch Pathol Lab Med. January 2005, 129 (1): 108–12. PMID 15628901. doi:10.5858/2005-129-108-SHWMLA. 
  28. ^ Mehraein Y, Wagner M, Remberger K, et al. Parvovirus B19 detected in Rosai-Dorfman disease in nodal and extranodal manifestations. J Clin Pathol. March 2006, 59 (3): 329–32. PMC 1860341可免费查阅. PMID 16505300. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.029885. 
  29. ^ Snow JL, Murali R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) occurring in association with malignant lymphoma: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol. April 1996, 34 (4): 653–7. PMID 8601665. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80079-4. 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Garces S, Yin CC, Patel KP, et al. Focal Rosai-Dorfman disease coexisting with lymphoma in the same anatomic site: a localized histiocytic proliferation associated with MAPK/ERK pathway activation. Mod Pathol. January 2019, 32 (1): 16–26. PMID 30171200. doi:10.1038/s41379-018-0108-5. 
  31. ^ Maia DM, Dorfman RF. Focal changes of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) associated with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease. Hum Pathol. December 1995, 26 (12): 1378–82. PMID 8522327. doi:10.1016/0046-8177(95)90256-9. 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 Swerdlow, SH; Campo, E; Harris, NL (编). WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues 4th. Lyon: IARC Press. 2008.  已忽略未知参数|etal= (帮助)
  33. ^ Koduru PR, Susin M, Kolitz JE, et al. Morphological, ultrastructural, and genetic characterization of an unusual T-cell lymphoma in a patient with sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Am J Hematol. March 1995, 48 (3): 192–200. PMID 7872268. doi:10.1002/ajh.2830480311. 
  34. ^ Tiwari V, Pareek A, Ghori H, et al. Rosai Dorfman disease and peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a rare co-occurrence. J Postgrad Med. Jan-Mar 2019, 65 (1): 62–3. PMC 6364207可免费查阅. PMID 30604756. doi:10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_221_18. 
  35. ^ Garg KK, Singh H. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2017, 4 (4): 000605. PMC 6346915可免费查阅. PMID 30755928. doi:10.12890/2017_000605. 
  36. ^ Lossos IS, Okon E, Bogomolski-Yahalom V, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a patient with isolated renotesticular involvement after cure of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol. January 1997, 74 (1): 41–4. PMID 9033288. doi:10.1007/s002770050252. 
  37. ^ Edelman A, Patterson B, Donovan K, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease with a concurrent mantle cell lymphoma. JAAD Case Rep. January 2019, 5 (1): 40–3. PMC 6319849可免费查阅. PMID 30619919. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.09.017. 
  38. ^ Gorodetskiy VR, Klapper W, Probatova NA, et al. Simultaneous occurrence of Rosai-Dorfman disease and nodal marginal zone lymphoma in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. Case Rep Hematol. 2018, 2018: 7930823. PMC 6098826可免费查阅. PMID 30151227. doi:10.1155/2018/7930823. 
  39. ^ Pang CS, Grier DD, Beaty MW. Concomitant occurrence of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy and nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. March 2011, 135 (3): 390–3. PMID 21366470. doi:10.5858/2009-0517-CR.1. 
  40. ^ LeBoit PE. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy and malignant lymphoma: an unreported association. Am J Dermatopathol. June 1991, 13 (3): 279–83. PMID 1867315. doi:10.1097/00000372-199106000-00010. 
  41. ^ Shoda H, Oka T, Inoue M, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy associated with malignant lymphoma. Intern Med. August 2004, 43 (8): 741–5. PMID 15468982. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.43.741. 
  42. ^ Krzemieniecki K, Pawlicki M, Margañska K, et al. The Rosai-Dorfman syndrome in a 17-year-old woman with transformation into high-grade lymphoma. A rare disease presentation. Ann Oncol. November 1996, 7 (9): 977. PMID 9006752. doi:10.1023/a:1008267809725. 
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 Melikyan AL, Kovrigina AM, Gilyazitdinova EA, et al. [A case of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic hepatitis B virus infection]. Ter Arkh. 2012, 84 (7): 66–70. PMID 22916503. 
  44. ^ Shelley AJ, Kanigsberg N. A unique combination of Rosai-Dorfman disease and mycosis fungoides: a case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2018, 6: 2050313X1877219. PMC 5958564可免费查阅. PMID 29780562. doi:10.1177/2050313X18772191. 
  45. ^ Rangwala AF, Zinterhofer LJ, Nyi KM, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy and malignant lymphoma. An unreported association. Cancer. 15 February 1990, 65 (4): 999–1002. PMID 2297605. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19900215)65:4<999::aid-cncr2820650428>3.0.co;2-j. 
  46. ^ 46.0 46.1 Zanelli M, Goteri G, Mengoli MC, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease involving bone marrow in association with acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Surg Pathol. June 2019, 27 (4): 396–8. PMID 30354868. doi:10.1177/1066896918807613. 
  47. ^ Castro E, Blazquez C, Boyd J, et al. Clinicopathologic features of histiocytic lesions following ALL, with a review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol. May-Jun 2010, 13 (3): 225–37. PMID 20170433. doi:10.2350/09-07-0680-OA.1.  温哥华格式错误 (帮助);
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 Allen MR, Ninfo V, Viglio A, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) in a Girl previously affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol. September 2001, 37 (3): 150–2. PMID 11536354. doi:10.1002/mpo.1187. 
  49. ^ Llamas-Velasco M, Cannata J, Dominguez I, et al. Coexistence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Rosai-Dorfman disease and splenic lymphoma with fatal outcome after rapid development of histiocytic sarcoma of the liver. J Cutan Pathol. December 2012, 39 (12): 1125–30. PMID 23078115. doi:10.1111/cup.12011. 
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 Venkataraman G, McClain KL, Pittaluga S, et al. Development of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a patient with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and associated Rosai-Dorfman disease. Am J Surg Pathol. April 2010, 34 (4): 589–94. PMC 2861333可免费查阅. PMID 20351488. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d3c54c. 
  51. ^ Cohen-Barak E, Rozenman D, Schafer J, et al. An unusual co-occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease: report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. May 2014, 53 (5): 558–63. PMID 24641188. doi:10.1111/ijd.12335. 
  52. ^ 52.0 52.1 O'Malley DP, Duong A, Barry TS, et al. Co-occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease: possible relationship of two histiocytic disorders in rare cases. Mod Pathol. December 2010, 23 (12): 1616–23. PMID 20802467. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.166. 
  53. ^ 53.0 53.1 Wang KH, Cheng CJ, Hu CH, et al. Coexistence of localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis and cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease. Br J Dermatol. October 2002, 147 (4): 770–4. PMID 12366828. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04980.x. 
  54. ^ Sachdev R, Shyama J. Co-existent Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease: a diagnostic rarity. Cytopathology. February 2008, 19 (1): 55–8. PMID 18093044. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00525.x. 
  55. ^ Razanamahery J, Diamond EL, Cohen-Aubart F, et al. Erdheim-Chester disease with concomitant Rosai-Dorfman like lesions: a distinct entity mainly driven by MAP2K1. Haematologica. January 2020, 105 (1): e5–e8. PMC 6939525可免费查阅. PMID 31395696. doi:10.3324/haematol.2019.226481. 
  56. ^ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Vaiselbuh SR, Bryceson YT, Allen CE, et al. Updates on histiocytic disorders. Pediatr Blood Cancer. August 2014, 61 (8): 1329–35. PMID 24753090. doi:10.1002/pbc.25034. 
  57. ^ Moynihan LM, Bundey SE, Heath D, et al. Autozygosity mapping, to chromosome 11q25, of a rare autosomal recessive syndrome causing histiocytosis, joint contractures, and sensorineural deafness. Am J Hum Genet. May 1998, 62 (5): 1123–8. PMC 1377087可免费查阅. PMID 9545401. doi:10.1086/301827. 
  58. ^ Kismet E, Köseoglu V, Atay AA, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in three brothers. Pediatr Int. August 2005, 47 (4): 473–6. PMID 16091014. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2005.02100.x. 
  59. ^ Rossbach HC, Dalence C, Wynn T, et al. Faisalabad histiocytosis mimics Rosai-Dorfman disease: brothers with lymphadenopathy, intrauterine fractures, short stature, and sensorineural deafness. Pediatr Blood Cancer. November 2006, 47 (5): 629–32. PMID 16331711. doi:10.1002/pbc.20759. 
  60. ^ Avitan-Hersh E, Mandel H, Indelman M, et al. A case of H syndrome showing immunophenotye similarities to Rosai-Dorfman disease. Am J Dermatopathol. February 2011, 33 (1): 47–51. PMID 20871387. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181e8581b. 
  61. ^ Melki I, Lambot K, Jonard L, et al. Mutation in the SLC29A3 gene: a new cause of a monogenic, autoinflammatory condition. Pediatrics. April 2013, 131 (4): e1308–13. PMID 23460689. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2158. 
  62. ^ Bolze A, Abhyankar A, Grant AV, et al. A mild form of SLC29A3 disorder: a frameshift deletion leads to the paradoxical translation of an otherwise noncoding mRNA splice variant. PLoS One. 2012, 7 (1): e29708. PMC 3262794可免费查阅. PMID 22279548. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029708. 
  63. ^ Molho-Pessach V, Ramot Y, Camille F, et al. H syndrome: the first 79 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. January 2014, 70 (1): 80–8. PMID 24238758. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.08.048. 
  64. ^ Molho-Pessach V, Agha Z, Aamar S, et al. The H syndrome: a genodermatosis characterized by indurated, hyperpigmented, and hypertrichotic skin with systemic manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. July 2008, 59 (1): 79–85. PMID 18486187. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.015. 
  65. ^ Doviner V, Maly A, Ne'eman Z, et al. H syndrome: recently defined genodermatosis with distinct histologic features. A morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 10 cases. Am J Dermatopathol. April 2010, 32 (2): 118–28. PMID 19952724. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181b81f9e. 
  66. ^ 66.0 66.1 Maric I, Pittaluga S, Dale JK, et al. Histologic features of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol. July 2005, 29 (7): 903–11. PMID 15958858. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000165581.60468.db. 
  67. ^ 67.0 67.1 Destombes P, Destombes M, Martin L. Pseudotumoral lymph node lipidic histiocytosis. Further case in a young Martinique woman. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. Jul-Aug 1972, 65 (4): 481–8. PMID 4666060. 
  68. ^ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 Andriko JA, Morrison A, Colegial CH, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease isolated to the central nervous system: a report of 11 cases. Mod Pathol. March 2001, 14 (3): 172–8. PMID 11266449. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880278. 
  69. ^ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Kong YY, Kong JC, Shi DR, et al. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease: a clinical and histopathologic study of 25 cases in China. Am J Surg Pathol. March 2007, 31 (3): 341–50. PMID 17325480. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000213308.87161.5e. 
  70. ^ Al-Khateeb TH. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Face: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Case Report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. March 2016, 74 (3): 528–40. PMID 26518131. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.020. 
  71. ^ 71.0 71.1 Patel MH, Jambhekar KR, Pandey T, et al. A rare case of extra nodal Rosai-Dorfman disease with isolated multifocal osseous manifestation. Indian J Radiol Imaging. Jul-Sep 2015, 25 (3): 284–7. PMC 4531457可免费查阅. PMID 26288523. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.161444. 
  72. ^ Sandoval-Sus JD, Sandoval-Leon AC, Chapman JR, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease of the central nervous system: report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). May 2014, 93 (3): 165–75. PMC 4616313可免费查阅. PMID 24845460. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000031. 
  73. ^ 73.0 73.1 Taufiq M, Khair A, Begum F, et al. Isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2016, 2016: 1–4. PMC 4939374可免费查阅. PMID 27429795. doi:10.1155/2016/5685623. 
  74. ^ Demicco EG, Rosenberg AE, Björnsson J, et al. Primary Rosai-Dorfman disease of bone: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. September 2010, 34 (9): 1324–33. PMID 20697245. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181e9b99a. 
  75. ^ Boissaud-Cooke MA, Bhatt K, Hilton DA, et al. Isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. May 2020, 137: 239–42. PMID 32068133. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.046. 
  76. ^ Zhang Y, Chen H. Image gallery: generalized cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as Acneiform lesions. Br J Dermatol. February 2019, 180 (2): e36. PMID 30132808. doi:10.1111/bjd.17060. 
  77. ^ El-Kamel M, Selim M, Gawad M. A new presentation of isolated cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease: eruptive xanthoma-like lesions. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. Jul-Aug 2018, 84 (4): 498. PMID 29565400. doi:10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_591_17. 
  78. ^ Rajyalakshmi R, Akhtar M, Swathi Y, et al. Cytological diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease: a study of twelve cases with emphasis on diagnostic challenges. J Cytol. Jan-Mar 2020, 37 (1): 46–52. PMC 7057478可免费查阅. PMID 32174668. doi:10.4103/JOC.JOC_90_19. 
  79. ^ Menon MP, Evbuomwan MO, Rosai J, et al. A subset of Rosai-Dorfman disease cases show increased IgG4-positive plasma cells: another red herring or a true association with IgG4-related disease?. Histopathology. March 2014, 64 (4): 455–9. PMID 24117867. doi:10.1111/his.12291. 
  80. ^ Zhang X, Hyjek E, Vardiman J. A subset of Rosai-Dorfman disease exhibits features of IgG4-related disease. Am J Clin Pathol. May 2013, 139 (5): 622–32. PMID 23596116. doi:10.1309/AJCP939VBUBVCS4L. 
  81. ^ Shrestha B, Sekiguchi H, Colby TV, et al. Distinctive pulmonary histopathology with increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis: report of 6 and 12 cases with similar histopathology. Am J Surg Pathol. October 2009, 33 (10): 1450–62. PMID 19701059. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181b84e9a. 
  82. ^ El-Kersh K, Perez RL, Guardiola J. Pulmonary IgG4+ Rosai-Dorfman disease. BMJ Case Rep. 10 April 2013, 2013: bcr2012008324. PMC 3645825可免费查阅. PMID 23580623. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008324. 
  83. ^ Roberts SS, Attanoos RL. IgG4+ Rosai-Dorfman disease of the lung. Histopathology. April 2010, 56 (5): 662–4. PMID 20459553. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03518.x. 
  84. ^ 84.0 84.1 Liu L, Perry AM, Cao W, et al. Relationship between Rosai-Dorfman disease and IgG4-related disease: study of 32 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. September 2013, 140 (3): 395–402. PMID 23960111. doi:10.1309/AJCPNYPPX4LRDCSN. 
  85. ^ 85.0 85.1 Chen TD, Lee LY. Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting in the parotid gland with features of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. July 2011, 137 (7): 705–8. PMID 21768577. doi:10.1001/archoto.2011.104. 
  86. ^ Richter JT, Strange RG, Fisher SI, et al. Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as a cardiac mass in an adult: report of a unique case and lack of relationship to IgG4-related sclerosing lesions. Hum Pathol. February 2010, 41 (2): 297–301. PMID 19747704. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.008. 
  87. ^ 87.0 87.1 Khosroshahi A, Wallace ZS, Crowe JL, et al. International consensus guidance statement on the management and treatment of IgG4-related disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. July 2015, 67 (7): 1688–99. PMC 5104282可免费查阅. PMID 25845266. doi:10.1002/art.39132. 

外部連結

[编辑]