葵花籽油 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

葵花籽油或葵花油，是指从向日葵种子（葵花籽）中压榨出来的非挥发性油。葵花籽油通常在烹飪食物時用作食用油，在化妆品配方中則用作润肤剂。葵花籽油主要由亚油酸和油酸组成^[1]。该油含有大量的维生素E^[2]。

截至2017年，基因組分析^[3]和雜交向日葵開發以提高油產量正在開發中，以滿足消費者對葵花籽油及其商業品種的更大需求^[4]^[5]。

2018年，乌克兰和俄罗斯的葵花籽油产量合计占全球产量的53%。

成分[编辑]

葵花籽油主要是一種甘油三酯^[6]。《英国药典》列出了以下概況^[7]：

棕櫚酸（飽和）：5%
硬脂酸（飽和）：6%
油酸（單不飽和 omega-9）：30%
亞油酸（多不飽和 omega-6）：59%

通過植物育種和工業加工生產出四種不同濃度脂肪酸的葵花籽油：高亞油酸、高油酸、中油酸、和高硬脂酸加高油酸^[1]^[2]

高亞油酸，69% 亞油酸
高油酸，82%油酸
中油酸，65%油酸
高硬脂酸加高油酸，18%硬脂酸和72%油酸^[2]

在對向日葵基因組的分析中，揭示了植物代謝產生其油的過程，鑑定出了植物固醇^[3]，這在另一項對向日葵油成分（包括多酚、角鯊烯和类萜化合物）的分析中得到了證實^[8]。

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Four types of sunflower oil. National Sunflower Association. 2018 [19 November 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Sunflower oil fatty acid profile (PDF). National Sunflower Association. 2018 [19 November 2018]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-23）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Badouin, H; Gouzy, J; Grassa, C. J; Murat, F; Staton, S. E; Cottret, L; Lelandais-Brière, C; Owens, G. L; Carrère, S; Mayjonade, B; Legrand, L; Gill, N; Kane, N. C; Bowers, J. E; Hubner, S; Bellec, A; Bérard, A; Bergès, H; Blanchet, N; Boniface, M. C; Brunel, D; Catrice, O; Chaidir, N; Claudel, C; Donnadieu, C; Faraut, T; Fievet, G; Helmstetter, N; King, M; et al. The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution. Nature. 2017, 546 (7656): 148–152. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..148B. PMID 28538728. doi:10.1038/nature22380 .
^ Rauf S, Jamil N, Tariq SA, Khan M, Kausar M, Kaya Y. Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value. J Sci Food Agric. 2017, 97 (7): 1997–2006. PMID 28093767. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8214.
^ Christov M. Contribution of interspecific hybridization to sunflower breeding (PDF). Helia. 2012, 35 (57): 37–46 [2021-04-23]. S2CID 85351878. doi:10.2298/hel1257037c. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-06）.
^ Alfred Thomas. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2002. ISBN 3527306730. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
^ British Pharmacopoeia Commission. Ph Eur monograph 1371. British Pharmacopoeia 2005. Norwich, England: The Stationery Office. 2005. ISBN 0-11-322682-9.
^ Alicia Ayerdi Gotor; Larbi Rhazi. Effects of refining process on sunflower oil minor components: a review. Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids. 2016, 23 (2): D207 [2023-08-02]. doi:10.1051/ocl/2016007 . （原始内容存档于2023-08-02）.

[nsa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Four types of sunflower oil. National Sunflower Association. 2018 [19 November 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11）.

[nsafact-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Sunflower oil fatty acid profile (PDF). National Sunflower Association. 2018 [19 November 2018]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-23）.

[badouin-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Badouin, H; Gouzy, J; Grassa, C. J; Murat, F; Staton, S. E; Cottret, L; Lelandais-Brière, C; Owens, G. L; Carrère, S; Mayjonade, B; Legrand, L; Gill, N; Kane, N. C; Bowers, J. E; Hubner, S; Bellec, A; Bérard, A; Bergès, H; Blanchet, N; Boniface, M. C; Brunel, D; Catrice, O; Chaidir, N; Claudel, C; Donnadieu, C; Faraut, T; Fievet, G; Helmstetter, N; King, M; et al. The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution. Nature. 2017, 546 (7656): 148–152. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..148B. PMID 28538728. doi:10.1038/nature22380 .

[4] Rauf S, Jamil N, Tariq SA, Khan M, Kausar M, Kaya Y. Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value. J Sci Food Agric. 2017, 97 (7): 1997–2006. PMID 28093767. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8214.

[5] Christov M. Contribution of interspecific hybridization to sunflower breeding (PDF). Helia. 2012, 35 (57): 37–46 [2021-04-23]. S2CID 85351878. doi:10.2298/hel1257037c. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-06）.

[Ullmann-6] Alfred Thomas. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2002. ISBN 3527306730. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[7] British Pharmacopoeia Commission. Ph Eur monograph 1371. British Pharmacopoeia 2005. Norwich, England: The Stationery Office. 2005. ISBN 0-11-322682-9.

[8] Alicia Ayerdi Gotor; Larbi Rhazi. Effects of refining process on sunflower oil minor components: a review. Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids. 2016, 23 (2): D207 [2023-08-02]. doi:10.1051/ocl/2016007 . （原始内容存档于2023-08-02）.

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