Audacity (audio editor)

Not to be confused with Audacious (software) or Audacy.

Audacity
Developer(s)Muse Group
The Audacity Team
Initial releaseMay 28, 2000; 23 years ago (2000-05-28)
Stable release3.4.2[1] Edit this on Wikidata (16 November 2023) [±]
Repository
Written inC, C++ (using the wxWidgets toolkit)[2][3]
Operating systemWindows, macOS, Linux, other Unix-like systems[4][5]
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, PowerPC
Size15.1 MB: Windows
25.5 MB: macOS
50.7 MB: macOS Universal
93.5 MB: Linux
23.6 MB: manual
Available in38 languages
List of languages
TypeDigital audio editor
LicenseGPL v2 or later, CC-BY-3.0 (documentation)[6] [7]
Websitewww.audacityteam.org

Audacity is a free and open-source digital audio editor and recording application software, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems.[4][5]

As of December 6, 2022, Audacity is the most popular download at FossHub,[8] with over 114.2 million downloads since March 2015. It was previously served by Google Code and SourceForge, where it was downloaded over 200 million times. It is now part of Muse Group.

It is licensed under GPL-2.0 or later. Executables with VST3 support are licensed GPL-3-only to maintain license compatibility.[6][7]

History[edit]

The project was started in the fall of 1999 by Dominic Mazzoni and Roger Dannenberg at Carnegie Mellon University, initially under the name CMU Visual Audio.[9] On May 28, 2000, Audacity was released as Audacity 0.8 to the public.[10][11]

Mazzoni eventually left CMU to pursue software development and in particular development of Audacity, with Dannenberg remaining at CMU and continuing development of Nyquist, a scripting language which Audacity uses for some effects.[9]

Over the years, additional volunteer contributors emerged, including James Crook who started the fork DarkAudacity to experiment with a new look and other UX changes.[12] Most of its changes were eventually incorporated into the mainline version and the fork ended.[13]

In April 2021, it was announced that Muse Group (owners of MuseScore and Ultimate Guitar) would acquire the Audacity trademark and continue to develop the application, which remains free and open source.[14]

Features and use[edit]

In addition to recording audio from multiple sources, Audacity can be used for post-processing of all types of audio, including effects such as normalization, trimming, and fading in and out.[15] It has been used to record and mix entire albums, such as by Tune-Yards.[16] It is currently used in the Sound Creation unit of the UK OCR National Level 2 ICT course.

Recording[edit]

Audacity can record multiple tracks at once, provided the sound card supports it. In addition to a normal mode,[17] recordings can be scheduled ("Timer Record"),[18] or used in a Punch in and roll fashion.[19]

Non-destructive editing[edit]

Historically, Audacity is a destructive editor, meaning all changes are directly applied to the waveform. This comes with certain benefits but means that any change made cannot be tweaked later on without undoing all changes in-between. For a long time, non-destructive editing was exclusive to volume envelopes[20] and playback rates, but since version 3, this has been extended to clip trimming[21] and effects.[22]

Importing, exporting and conversions[edit]

Audacity natively imports and exports WAV, AIFF, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and all file formats supported by libsndfile library. Due to patent licensing concerns, the FFmpeg library necessary to import and export proprietary formats such as M4A (AAC) and WMA is not bundled with Audacity but has to be downloaded separately.[23]

In conjunction with batch processing features, Audacity can be used to convert files from one format to another, or to digitize records, tapes or MiniDiscs.[24]

Customizability and extensibility[edit]

Audacity supports LADSPA, LV2, VST, VST3, Audio Units, Vamp and Nyquist plugins, which allows it to load most audio effect plugins.[25] It additionally features a console for Nyquist, a Lisp dialect, in which users can script their own plugins[26] and support for external python scripting.[27]

Audacity is somewhat customizable and supports arbitrary arrangements of its toolbars, custom themes and enabling and disabling of several features.[28]

In January 2024, Intel introduced some AI-powered capabilities for Audacity as part of its OpenVINO plugin suite.[29][30]

Audio analysis[edit]

Screenshot of Audacity 3.2.1 on Windows showing spectrograms of an audio clip with portamento (upper panel) and the same clip after applying pitch correction, showing frequencies clamped to discrete values (lower panel)

Audacity has several features to allow for spectrum analysis using the Fourier transform algorithm[31][32] and spectrograms. As with effects, additional analysis plugins can be added, such as ones that check audio books for ACX compatibility.[33]

Limitations[edit]

While Audacity has some features found in digital audio workstations, it should not be considered as such yet. In its current form, it is an audio editor and recorder. In particular, MIDI editing, piano rolls, virtual instruments, parameter automation and channel routings are not yet implemented.

Due to the use of wxWidgets, which do not have full iOS or Android support,[34] Audacity cannot run on mobile platforms.

Other features[edit]

Audacity can make precise adjustments to speed (tempo) while maintaining pitch, to synchronize audio with video or for precise running time.[35] It also has a large array of digital effects and plug-ins,[36] including: noise reduction based on sampling the noise to be minimized,[37] vocal reduction and isolation for creation of karaoke tracks and isolated vocal tracks,[38] pitch adjustment maintaining speed, and speed adjustment maintaining pitch.[39] Audacity also has support for multi-channel modes with sampling rates up to 96 kHz with 32 bits per sample.[40][41] It can also detect dropout errors while recording with an overburdened CPU.[42]

Language support[edit]

In addition to English, Audacity is available in Afrikaans, Arabic, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (simplified), Chinese (traditional), Corsican, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Marathi, Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese and Welsh.[43]

The documentation, the Audacity Manual, is available only in English.[44] The Audacity Forum offers technical support in English.

Architecture[edit]

Software architecture of Audacity showing how the software is built in layers

The diagram illustrates Audacity's layers and modules. Note the three important classes within wxWidgets, each of which has a reflection in Audacity.

Higher-level abstractions result from related lower-level ones. For example, the BlockFile system is a reflection of and is built on wxWidgets' wxFiles. Lower down in the diagram is a narrow strip for platform-specific implementation layers.

Both wxWidgets and PortAudio are OS abstraction layers, containing conditional code that chooses different implementations depending on the target platform.

Reception[edit]

As free and open-source software, Audacity is very popular in education, encouraging its developers to make the user interface easier for students and teachers.[45]

Audacity won the SourceForge 2007 and 2009 Community Choice Award for Best Project for Multimedia.[46][47]

Jamie Lendino of PC Magazine recently rated it 4/5 stars Excellent and said, "If you're looking to get started in podcasting or recording music, it's tough to go wrong with Audacity. A powerful, free, open-source audio editor that's been available for years, Audacity is still the go-to choice for quick-and-dirty audio work."[48]

CNET rated Audacity 5/5 stars, calling it "feature-rich and flexible".[49] Preston Gralla of PC World said, "If you're interested in creating, editing, and mixing you'll want Audacity."[50] Jack Wallen of Tech Republic praised its features and ease-of-use.[51]

In The Art of Unix Programming (2003), open-source software advocate Eric S. Raymond wrote of Audacity, "The central virtue of this program is that it has a superbly transparent and natural user interface, one that erects as few barriers between the user and the sound file as possible."[52]

Some reviewers and users have criticized Audacity for its inconvenient UX design, unsightly GUI and comparative lack of features compared with Adobe Audition. Matthew McLean wrote "Audacity looks a bit more dated and basic, but this will be appealing to many folks who’re just starting out".[53] [54]

In May 2021, after the project was acquired by Muse Group,[55] there was a draft proposal to add opt-in telemetry to the code to record application usage. Some users responded negatively, with accusations of turning Audacity into spyware.[56] The company reversed course, falling back to error/crash reporting and optional update checking instead.[57] Another controversy in July 2021[58] resulted from a change to the privacy policy which said that although personal data was stored on servers in the European Economic Area, the program would "occasionally [be] required to share your personal data with our main office in Russia and our external counsel in the USA".[59] That July, the Audacity team apologized for the changes to the privacy policy and removed mention of the data storage provision which was added "out of an abundance of caution."[58]

Version history[edit]

This table shows the major and minor releases of Audacity. Patches are omitted.

Version Date Major changes and notes
3.4 November 2, 2023 This version adds a musical view, time stretching and a new exporter.
3.3 April 24, 2023 This version is mostly focused on refactoring. A preview of a beats and measures feature is added.
3.2 September 22, 2022 This version added real-time effects, VST3 support and a streamlined interface. A cloud audio sharing integration with audio.com is added.[60]
3.1 October 28, 2021 This version introduced clip handles, smart clips and playback looping.[61] In April 2022, an official Audacity app was added to the Microsoft Store.[62]
3.0 March 17, 2021 This version introduced a new project file format, .aup3, using an SQLite database to store each project in a single database file.[63]
2.4 May 15, 2020 This version adds Loudness, Noise Gate and Spectral Delete effects and adds Side-by-side view of waveforms and spectrograms.
2.3 September 29, 2018 This version adds Punch-and-Roll recording and upgrades to Macros, Play-at-Speed, Toolbars. From 2.3.2 on, a mod-script-pipe for driving Audacity from Python (can be enabled in Preferences).[27]
2.2 November 2, 2017 This version ports changes from Dark Audacity to Audacity, adding themes.[28] Additionally, MIDI playback is added.[64] Four user-selectable colorways for waveform display in audio tracks (version 2.2.1 on).[65]
2.1 March 29, 2015 This version adds Real-Time preview of some effects. Saving and loading user presets for effect settings across sessions (version 2.1.0 on)[66] Scrubbing (audio) (version 2.1.1 and later).[67]
2.0 March 13, 2012 This version adds a Device Toolbar to manage inputs and outputs, Timer Record and a Mixer Board view with per-track VU meters. Compared to the last 1.3.x release it is not a big improvement; the major version increment was chosen to signify a new stable version after many years of only beta releases.
1.3 November 28, 2005 This version introduces clips and adds performance improvements for large projects. Version 1.3.2 and later supported Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC).[68] Version 1.3.6 and later also supported additional formats such as WMA, AAC, AMR and AC3 via the optional FFmpeg library.[69] All of the 1.3.x releases were considered "beta".
1.2 March 3, 2004 This version adds many new effects and tools.
1.0 June 11, 2002 1.0 release. 1.1 was released on the same day.
0.8 May 28, 2000 Initial test version.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Audacity 3.4.2". November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  2. ^ SourceForge (July 2004). "Project of the Month July 2004 – Audacity". Archived from the original on December 23, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  3. ^ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2004). "E-Commerce and Development Report 2004" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Audacity: Free Audio Editor and Recorder". audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  5. ^ a b "About Audacity". audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on June 18, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
  6. ^ a b Audacity Team. "License". Audacity. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "audacity/audacity". June 14, 2022. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022 – via GitHub.
  8. ^ FossHub.com. "Download Audacity". Archived from the original on January 22, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  9. ^ a b The Story Behind Audacity, retrieved April 14, 2023
  10. ^ "Version 0.8: May 28, 2000" in README.txt of audacity-win-0.8.zip
  11. ^ "Credits". audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
  12. ^ "But Why?". darkaudacity.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  13. ^ "DarkAudacity, a customised version of Audacity". darkaudacity.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  14. ^ Rothman, Philip (April 30, 2021). "Muse Group formed to support MuseScore, Ultimate Guitar; acquires Audacity". Scoring Notes. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
  15. ^ "Podcasting with Linux Command Line Tools and Audacity". Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  16. ^ Frere-Jones, Sasha (May 2, 2011). "World of Wonder: How Merrill Garbus left the theatre and took the stage Archived October 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine." The New Yorker. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
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  20. ^ "Audacity's Envelope Tool". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  21. ^ "Smart Clips". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
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  27. ^ a b "Modules Preferences for mod-script pipe". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Themes". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on November 4, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  29. ^ "AI Tools Are Here for Open-Source Audio Editor 'Audacity'". It's FOSS News. January 8, 2024. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  30. ^ "Audacity ® | Introducing OpenVINO AI effects for Audacity". www.audacityteam.org. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  31. ^ "Plot Spectrum". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
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  34. ^ "wxWidgets Roadmap – wxWidgets". www.wxwidgets.org. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  35. ^ "Change Tempo". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
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  44. ^ "Audacity Manual". manual.audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
  45. ^ Jaworski, Nick; Thibeault, Matthew D. (2011). "Technology for Teaching: Audacity. Free and open-source software". Music Educators Journal. 98 (2): 39–40. doi:10.1177/0027432111428745. ISSN 0027-4321.
  46. ^ "SourceForge.net: 2007 Community Choice Awards". Archived from the original on January 20, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  47. ^ "SourceForge.net: 2009 Community Choice Awards". March 30, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
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  52. ^ "Studying Cases". www.catb.org. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  53. ^ McLean, Matthew (June 1, 2017). "Audacity Vs Adobe Audition CC | Where Should I Record & Edit My Podcast?". Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
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  57. ^ Tantacrul (May 13, 2021). "Actions we propose to take on PR #835 #889". GitHub. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  58. ^ a b Speed, Richard. "Apologetic Audacity rewrites privacy policy after 'significant lapse in communication'". theregister.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  59. ^ "Audio editor Audacity denies spyware accusation". BBC News. July 6, 2021. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
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  64. ^ "Note Tracks". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  65. ^ "Waveform colorways". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  66. ^ "Manage Effects, Generators and Analyzers". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  67. ^ "Scrubbing and Seeking". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016.
  68. ^ Audacity development team (October 30, 2006). "Audacity 1.3.2 a 1.2.5 released". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  69. ^ "Importing Audio". Audacityteam.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
Notes

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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