阿科 [ 1] (希伯來語 :עַכּוֹ ,羅馬化: ʻAkkō ,英語:Acre ),或阿卡 (阿拉伯语:عكّا ,羅馬化 :ʻAkkā ),是一座位于以色列 北部加利利 西部的城市,距离耶路撒冷 约152公里。阿卡是持续有人类居住的最古老的城市之一。2011年人口为46,464人[ 2] ,约75%为犹太人,25%为阿拉伯人。在1948年被以色列占领之前,大多数阿卡居民是阿拉伯人。
第一次十字軍東征 建立耶路撒冷王國 後,十字軍進攻阿卡,經過約4年圍困後,阿卡於1104年向十字軍投降。[ 3] 阿卡成為十字軍在巴勒斯坦 的主要港口 。[ 4] 到1130年代,阿卡人口約有25,000人,當時耶路撒冷王國境內只有耶路撒冷 城的規模可與阿卡相比。
埃及的薩拉丁 在1187年的哈丁战役 擊敗十字軍後攻佔耶路撒冷,隨後未經戰鬥即佔領阿卡、西頓 等地。第三次十字軍東征 時,十字軍於1191年攻佔阿卡。隨着十字軍運動的衰落,地中海東岸的其它十字軍城鎮相繼失守,阿卡變成一座孤城,終於在1291年被馬穆鲁克王朝 攻陷 。
因阿卡及其周围有大量巴哈伊信仰 的圣地,故2008年,阿卡与海法 的巴哈伊信仰相关地点被列入世界遗产名录 。[ 5] [ 6]
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